Traditional neurobiological theories of musical emotions explain well why extreme music such as punk, hardcore or metal, whose vocal and instrumental characteristics share much similarity with acoustic threat signals, should evoke unpleasant feelings for a large proportion of listeners. Why it doesn't for metal music fans, however, remains a theoretical challenge: metal fans may differ from non-fans in how they process acoustic threat signals at the sub-cortical level, showing deactivated or reconditioned responses that differ from controls. Alternatively, it is also possible that appreciation for metal depends on the inhibition by cortical circuits of a normal low-order response to auditory threat. In a series of three experiments, we show here that, at a sensory level, metal fans actually react equally negatively, equally fast and even more accurately to cues of auditory threat in vocal and instrumental contexts than non-fans. Conversely, cognitive load somewhat appears to reduce fans' appreciation of metal to the level reported by non-fans. Taken together, these results are not compatible with the idea that extreme music lovers do so because of a different low-level response to threat, but rather, highlight a critical contribution of higher-order cognition to the aesthetic experience. These results are discussed in the light of recent higher-order theories of emotional consciousness, which we argue should be generalized to the emotional experience of music across musical genres.

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传统的音乐情感神经生物学理论很好地解释了为什么朋克，铁杆或金属之类的极端音乐（其声乐和乐器特性与声学威胁信号具有很多相似之处）为什么会引起很大一部分听众不适的感觉。然而，为什么不对金属音乐迷来说呢，这仍然是一个理论上的挑战：金属迷在处理皮层下水平的声音威胁信号方面可能与非风扇不同，显示出与控件不同的失活或恢复响应。或者，对金属的欣赏也可能取决于皮质电路对听觉威胁的正常低阶反应的抑制。在一系列的三个实验中，我们在这里表明，在感官层面，金属风扇实际上同样会产生负面反应，与非粉丝相比，在声乐和乐器环境中同样快，甚至更准确地发现听觉威胁的线索。相反，认知负荷似乎将粉丝对金属的欣赏降低到了非粉丝所报告的水平。综上所述，这些结果与极端音乐爱好者之所以这样做是不相容的，因为他们对威胁的反应是不同的低水平反应，而是强调了高阶认知对审美体验的重要贡献。这些结果是根据最近的高阶情感意识理论进行讨论的，我们认为应该将其推广到跨音乐流派的音乐情感体验。金属升值到非粉丝报告的水平。综上所述，这些结果与极端音乐爱好者之所以这样做是不相容的，因为人们对威胁的反应不同，这是相反的，而是强调了高阶认知对审美体验的重要贡献。这些结果是根据最近的高阶情感意识理论进行讨论的，我们认为应该将其推广到跨音乐流派的音乐情感体验。金属升值到非粉丝报告的水平。综上所述，这些结果与极端音乐爱好者之所以这样做是不相容的，因为人们对威胁的反应不同，这是相反的，而是强调了高阶认知对审美体验的重要贡献。这些结果是根据最近的高阶情感意识理论进行讨论的，我们认为应该将其推广到跨音乐流派的音乐情感体验。