Abstract:This study examined aspects of peer clique participation that mitigated victimization by peers over a school year. Participants were 1,033 children age 8–14 years (Mage = 11.81; 444 boys and 589 girls), including 128 (66 boys) victimized children. Cliques (N = 162) and clique participation were assessed by using the Social Cognitive Map, friendship and behavioral nominations, and observed clique interactions. Almost all victimized children (93%) were clique members. On average, their cliques were more mixed-gender, loosely tied, and peripheral in the peer network, and they were more marginal clique members and treated more negatively during clique interactions than were nonvictims. Variation in clique experience revealed that victimization was mitigated over the school year by greater centrality and friendship within cliques and greater clique aggression, and exacerbated by greater clique victimization and age. These findings suggest that allegiance, affection, and power may deter attacks and motivate cliquemates' defense of victims.

中文翻译：

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同伴集团受害儿童的参与：学年受害的特征和意义

摘要：本研究研究了同龄人团体参与的方面，这些方面减轻了同龄人在同一个学年中遭受的伤害。参加者为1033名8-14岁的儿童（法师= 11.81； 444名男孩和589名女孩），其中包括128名（66名男孩）受害儿童。通过使用社会认知图，友谊和行为提名以及观察到的群体互动来评估群体（N = 162）和群体参与。几乎所有受害儿童（93％）都是集团成员。平均而言，他们的派别在同伴网络中更多是混合性别，松散的联系和外围，与非受害者相比，他们是更多的边缘派别成员，并且在派别互动过程中受到更多的负面对待。团体经验的变化表明，在整个学年中，由于团体内部的更大的中心性和友谊以及更大的团体侵略性，减轻了受害，而随着团体的受害程度和年龄的增加，这种情况也加剧了。这些发现表明，效忠，感情和力量可能会阻止攻击并激发集团为受害者辩护。