Examining the changes in production relations in one of the poorest rainfed belts in India, this study, based on field surveys in eight villages in Kalahandi and Nuapada districts of Odisha, unravels the complexities of the transition in agriculture. The introduction of irrigation has resulted in, an increase in yield, wage rates and labour-use per hectare. Comparison between the irrigated and the non-irrigated villages also suggest a drastic reduction in poverty and distress seasonal out-migration. The average household income in the irrigated villages turns out to be more than three times that of the rainfed villages. Thus, irrigation has acted as a key driver of agrarian change, and its role in creating labour demand in agriculture continues to be significant. However, the reduced control of marginalised sections over land, the significance of sharecropping in the irrigated villages, the high share of family labour in total labour-use among the marginal and small cultivators in the irrigated region, and moreover, the continued presence of labour-tying suggest that, the transformation involves several complexities, particularly in terms of the newly emerging labour relations.

中文翻译：

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奥里萨邦卡拉汉迪的土地转型和劳资关系的变化

本研究基于对奥里萨邦 Kalahandi 和 Nuapada 地区八个村庄的实地调查，研究了印度最贫穷的雨养带之一的生产关系变化，揭示了农业转型的复杂性。灌溉的引入导致了每公顷产量、工资率和劳动力使用量的增加。灌溉和非灌溉村庄之间的比较也表明贫困和痛苦的季节性外迁大幅减少。灌溉村的平均家庭收入是雨养村的三倍多。因此，灌溉已成为农业变革的关键驱动力，它在创造农业劳动力需求方面的作用仍然很重要。然而，边缘化部分​​对土地的控制减少，