This article examines the emergence and transformation of a vibrant bazaar (marketplace) in an underdeveloped area of Pakistan. I first investigate the rise of the bazaar in Batkhela (Malakand) in the face of historical conditions characterized by social stratification and political exclusivity, and proceed to probe the bazaar’s transformation and consequent role in generating economic growth and political reforms. These inquiries are undertaken against the backdrop of the extraordinary efforts of bazaar entrepreneurs to keep the bazaar functioning. Using ethnographic methods, the study finds that entrepreneurs use social networks of family and friends at different stages of their business trajectories. Whereas family networks were particularly useful during the initial stages of business development, friendship networks become more important later on. Contrary to the literature on ethnic entrepreneurship, friendship networks in Batkhela are more diverse and include members from similar and dissimilar ethnic groups. Collectively, family networks and ever-diffusing friendship networks help consolidate successful businesses in Batkhela. The study concludes that Batkhela bazaar is a monumental regional marketplace that has engendered political reforms in areas of domicile, private property and political representation for different sections of society.

中文翻译：

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巴特赫拉（巴基斯坦）集市的出现与转型

本文考察了巴基斯坦欠发达地区一个充满活力的集市（市场）的出现和转变。我首先调查了在以社会分层和政治排他性为特征的历史条件下巴特赫拉（马拉坎德）集市的兴起，并继续探讨集市的转型及其在促进经济增长和政治改革中的作用。这些调查是在集市企业家为保持集市正常运转而做出的非凡努力的背景下进行的。该研究使用民族志方法发现，企业家在其商业轨迹的不同阶段使用家人和朋友的社交网络。鉴于家庭网络在业务发展的初始阶段特别有用，友谊网络后来变得更加重要。与关于民族创业的文献相反，巴特赫拉的友谊网络更加多样化，包括来自相似和不同民族的成员。总的来说，家庭网络和不断扩散的友谊网络有助于巩固巴特赫拉的成功企业。该研究得出的结论是，巴特赫拉集市是一个具有纪念意义的区域市场，它在住所、私有财产和社会不同阶层的政治代表等领域引发了政治改革。