Introduction: The positive effects of expressive writing on both mental and physical health are well documented. However, expressive writing may have the potential to activate negative schemas and facilitate rumination in those at high cognitive risk for depression (Yasinski, Hayes, & Laurenceau, 2016). The current research tested the hypothesis that writing using self-distancing would be more effective than traditional expressive writing in preventing depressive symptoms for those at high cognitive risk for depression. Method: Two studies using undergraduate samples (n = 104 and n = 80) were conducted to test our hypotheses. Both studies used a two-week daily writing experimental design. Results: Contrary to hypotheses, Study 1 found that individuals randomly assigned to a self-distancing writing condition reported greater levels of depressive symptoms than those assigned to a traditional expressive writing condition. The results of Study 2 replicated the results of Study 1. Participants randomly assigned to the self-distancing writing condition reported significantly greater levels of depressive symptoms than those in the expressive writing and no-writing control conditions. The effect of writing condition in Study 2 was driven by those with high levels of cognitive vulnerability. Discussion: Results suggest that writing using self-distancing should not be used for the prevention of depressive symptoms.

中文翻译：

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自我区分可能有害：与传统的有表现力的写作和没有写作相比，第三人称写作会增加抑郁症状的水平

简介：富有表现力的写作对心理和身体健康的积极影响已得到充分证明。然而，对于具有较高认知抑郁风险的人，表达性写作可能会激活消极图式并促进反省（Yasinski，Hayes和Laurenceau，2016）。当前的研究检验了以下假设，即对于那些具有较高认知抑郁风险的人，使用自我疏远的写作在预防抑郁症状方面比传统的表达写作更为有效。方法：使用本科生样本（n = 104和n = 80）进行了两项研究，以检验我们的假设。两项研究均使用为期两周的每日写作实验设计。结果：与假设相反，研究1发现，随机分配给自我疏远写作条件的人比那些被赋予传统表现表达条件的人报告的抑郁症状水平更高。研究2的结果重复了研究1的结果。随机分配给自我疏远写作条件的参与者报告的抑郁症状水平明显高于表现性写作和无写作控制条件下的抑郁症状水平。研究2中写作条件的影响是由那些具有较高认知脆弱性水平的人所驱动的。讨论：结果表明，不应使用自我距离书写来预防抑郁症状。随机分配给自我疏远写作条件的参与者报告的抑郁症状水平明显高于表现性写作和无写作控制条件下的抑郁症状水平。研究2中写作条件的影响是由那些具有较高认知脆弱性水平的人所驱动的。讨论：结果表明，不应使用自我距离书写来预防抑郁症状。随机分配给自我疏远写作条件的参与者报告的抑郁症状水平明显高于表现性写作和无写作控制条件下的抑郁症状水平。研究2中写作条件的影响是由那些具有较高认知脆弱性水平的人所驱动的。讨论：结果表明，不应使用自我距离书写来预防抑郁症状。