Abstract:Historians unanimously describe the shift from private cabinets of curiosities to public museums in the first half of the nineteenth century as a major transformation in the contents, purpose, and practices of exhibition. On closer inspection, however, this shift was far more clearly defined in the great metropolitan museums than in the hundreds of smaller museums that relied on the second-hand market to furnish their collections. This article examines the changes that cabinets of natural curiosities underwent as they were absorbed and reorganized in public museums during the early nineteenth century. It focuses on the Linck collection in Saxony, one of the oldest and best-documented collections of early modern naturalia still in existence, and particularly on the animal embryos that were taken out of alcohol and taxidermized in the fashion of fully grown animals. Contrary to the outspoken educational purpose of these new museums, the transition from private cabinets to public exhibits did not lead to the creation of anatomically accurate displays. Instead, it often perpetuated the fashions of the "curiously set up" displays of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

中文翻译：

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回收胚胎：新博物馆中的旧动物标本，1660-1840

摘要：历史学家一致将 19 世纪上半叶从私人珍品柜向公共博物馆的转变描述为展览内容、目的和实践的重大转变。然而，仔细观察，这种转变在大都会博物馆中的定义要比在数百个依赖二手市场来提供其藏品的小型博物馆中明确得多。本文考察了 19 世纪早期，自然珍品柜在被公共博物馆吸收和重组时所经历的变化。它专注于萨克森州的 Linck 收藏，这是现存最古老、记录最完整的早期现代自然植物收藏之一，尤其是从酒精中取出的动物胚胎，并以完全成熟的动物的方式进行动物标本剥制。与这些新博物馆直言不讳的教育目的相反，从私人橱柜到公共展览的过渡并没有导致创建解剖学上准确的展示。相反，它经常延续 17 和 18 世纪“奇特设置”展示的时尚。