Objectives: Drawing from an integrated general strain theory framework, the purpose of the study is to examine the longitudinal mediating and moderating mechanisms linking perceived racial discrimination with aggressive delinquency among North American Indigenous (i.e., American Indian and Canadian First Nations) youth. Method: Data come from an eight-year longitudinal study of Indigenous youth residing on reservations/reserves in the upper Midwest and Canada (N = 659). Scales were created for discrimination, depressive symptoms, school bonds, and delinquent peer associations at years 2 and 3, and a count measure of aggression was created at years 2, 3, and 5. Cross-lagged path analysis models were estimated to examine possible mediating effects of depressive symptoms, school bonds, and delinquent peer associations. Separate regression models were examined to test for possible moderating effects of the aforementioned variables. Results: The results of a longitudinal path analysis model showed that discrimination indirectly increased aggression through decreased school bonds and increased delinquent peer associations. Depressive symptoms was the only significant moderator, and contrary to expectations, the effect of discrimination on aggression declined in magnitude as depressive symptoms increased. Conclusions: Discrimination is a key criminogenic stressor among Indigenous youth and is linked with multiple adverse outcomes through the adolescent years.

中文翻译：

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纵向机制将感知到的种族歧视与北美土著青年的侵略性犯罪联系起来

目的：从一个综合的一般应变理论框架出发，研究的目的是研究纵向调解和调节机制，将北美土著（即美洲印第安人和加拿大原住民）青年中的种族歧视与侵略性犯罪联系起来。方法：数据来自对居住在中西部和加拿大上层保留地/保留地的土著青年进行的为期八年的纵向研究（N = 659）。在第2和第3年创建了用于歧视，抑郁症状，学校纽带和同龄人犯罪的量表，并在第2、3和5年创建了侵略计数方法。估计了交叉滞后路径分析模型以检查可能的结果。抑郁症状，学校纽带和不良同伴交往的中介作用。检查了单独的回归模型以测试上述变量的可能的调节作用。结果：纵向路径分析模型的结果表明，歧视通过减少学校联系和增加不良同伴关系而间接增加了侵略性。抑郁症状是唯一显着的缓解因素，与预期相反，随着抑郁症状的增加，歧视对侵略的影响程度有所下降。结论：歧视是土著青年中的主要犯罪压力源，并且在青少年时期与多种不良后果相关。纵向路径分析模型的结果表明，歧视通过减少学校联系和增加不良同伴关系而间接增加了侵略性。抑郁症状是唯一显着的缓解因素，与预期相反，随着抑郁症状的增加，歧视对侵略的影响程度有所下降。结论：歧视是土著青年中的主要犯罪压力源，并且在青少年时期与多种不良后果相关。纵向路径分析模型的结果表明，歧视通过减少学校联系和增加不良同伴关系而间接增加了侵略性。抑郁症状是唯一显着的缓解因素，与预期相反，随着抑郁症状的增加，歧视对侵略的影响程度有所下降。结论：歧视是土著青年中的主要犯罪压力源，并且在青少年时期与多种不良后果相关。