Objectives: We argue that the reasons court actors conform to or depart from sentencing guideline recommendations likely vary depending on whether the decision involves an alternative sanction or incarceration and that these reasons may have consequences for ethnoracial disparities in the sentencing of defendants and how these disparities are understood. Method: We use recent (2012–2016) Pennsylvania sentencing data to examine (1) the relationship between defendant race/ethnicity and court actors’ decisions to depart downward and upward from the guidelines and (2) whether such relationships vary depending on whether they involve an alternative sanction, namely intermediate punishments (IPs). Results: We find that the association of defendant race/ethnicity with decisions to conform to the guidelines or to depart is greatly impacted by whether the sentence involves an IP. Blacks and, to a lesser extent, Latinos experienced greater disadvantage in guideline decision-making, whether conformity or departures, when the sentence involved an IP. Conclusions: Results suggest that the integration of IP into guideline systems may have (1) mobilized ethnoracial disparities in sentencing, (2) focused the location of sentencing disparities to sentences involving IP, and (3) changed the applicability of common interpretations of guideline decisions and disparities in their imposition.

中文翻译：

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重新审视量刑准则下的裁量权和差异：结构化量刑方案与准则决策之间的相互关系

目标：我们认为法院行为者遵守或偏离量刑指南建议的原因可能会因该决定是否涉及其他制裁或监禁而有所不同，这些原因可能会影响被告人种中的人种差异，以及这些差异是如何产生的了解。方法：我们使用最近（2012年至2016年）宾夕法尼亚州的量刑数据来研究（1）被告人的种族/族裔与法院行为者上下偏离指导原则的决定之间的关系，以及（2）这种关系是否取决于他们之间的关系而有所不同涉及另一种制裁，即中间刑罚。结果：我们发现，判决是否涉及知识产权将极大地影响被告人的种族/民族与符合准则或离开的决定的关系。当判决涉及知识产权时，黑人和较小程度的拉丁裔在准则决策（无论是符合性还是偏离性）方面遭受更大的不利。结论：结果表明，将知识产权纳入准则体系可能（1）调动了种族方面的种族差异，（2）将判决差异的位置集中在涉及知识产权的句子上，（3）改变了准则决定的通用解释的适用性和强加的差距。当句子包含IP时。结论：结果表明，将知识产权纳入准则体系可能（1）调动了种族方面的种族差异，（2）将判决差异的位置集中在涉及知识产权的句子上，（3）改变了准则决定的通用解释的适用性和强加的差距。当句子包含IP时。结论：结果表明，将知识产权纳入准则体系可能（1）调动了种族方面的种族差异，（2）将判决差异的位置集中在涉及知识产权的句子上，（3）改变了准则决定的通用解释的适用性和强加的差距。