Objectives:

This study evaluates the relationship between employment and crime through a holistic evaluation of both treatment and treatment effect heterogeneity.

Methods:

This study implements a perceptual measure of job quality (job satisfaction) and hybrid fixed effects models among a sample of high-risk adults. Analyses also consider the robustness of findings across alternative operationalizations of job quality and various sample subgroups.

Results:

Transitioning from not working to working in the lowest quality job can be criminogenic. Among those who are working, an improvement in job quality is not generally associated with offending. However, model and crime-specific effects are observed. Evidence of treatment effect heterogeneity is also found, suggesting the effect of job quality is moderated by race/ethnicity and location.

Conclusions:

These findings caution criminologists against making an assumption that employment is inversely related to offending and call into question our understanding of job quality as a general disincentive for crime. Rather, evidence suggests that improvements in job quality may result in modest reductions in offending, but only for certain types of crime and certain individuals within specific labor market contexts.

中文翻译：

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工作质量与犯罪的关系：检验治疗中的异质性和治疗效果

目标：

本研究通过对治疗和治疗效果异质性的整体评估来评估就业与犯罪之间的关系。

方法：

这项研究在高风险成人样本中实现了工作质量（工作满意度）和混合固定效应模型的感知度量。分析还考虑了跨工作质量和各种样本子组的替代运营结果的稳健性。

结果：

从不工作过渡到最低质量的工作可能会导致犯罪。在工作的人中，工作质量的提高通常与犯罪无关。但是，可以观察到模型和特定犯罪的影响。还发现了治疗效果异质性的证据，表明工作质量的影响受到种族/民族和位置的影响。

结论：

这些发现提醒犯罪学家不要假设就业与犯罪行为成反比，并质疑我们对工作质量作为犯罪总体诱因的理解。相反，有证据表明，工作质量的提高可能会导致犯罪率的适度降低，但仅适用于特定类型的犯罪和特定劳动力市场背景下的某些个人。