Objectives:

There is a growing body of macro-level studies examining hate crime. These studies however largely focus on ethnoracial hate crime, leading to a relative dearth of research investigating the etiology of anti-Jewish hate crime. The current study seeks to fill this gap by conducting a community-level analysis of anti-Jewish hate crime in New York City.

Methods:

Using data from the New York Police Department’s Hate Crimes Task Force, the current study employs a series of negative binomial regressions to investigate the impact of defended neighborhoods, social disorganization, and strain variables on anti-Jewish hate crime.

Results:

The results show that defended neighborhoods consistently predict higher levels of anti-Jewish hate crime in White, Black, and non-White neighborhoods even when accounting for social disorganization and strain variables. Results also demonstrate that anti-Jewish crime occurs in communities that are more socially organized and with better economic conditions.

Conclusions:

This study’s findings reveal Jewish victims to be a catchall target when a minority group increasingly moves into a majority area. These defended neighborhoods, and other findings have intriguing implications for both criminology’s social disorganization theory and the police and others charged with combatting bias crimes.

中文翻译：

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共同目标：1995-2010年，纽约市社区的反犹太仇恨犯罪

目标：

审查仇恨犯罪的宏观研究越来越多。然而，这些研究主要集中在民族仇恨犯罪上，导致反犹太仇恨犯罪的病因学研究相对缺乏。当前的研究试图通过对纽约市的反犹太仇恨犯罪进行社区层面的分析来填补这一空白。

方法：

利用来自纽约警察局仇恨犯罪工作队的数据，当前的研究采用了一系列负二项式回归来研究被保护社区，社会混乱和应变变量对反犹太仇恨犯罪的影响。

结果：

结果表明，即使考虑到社会混乱和压力变量，被捍卫的社区也始终预测白人，黑人和非白人社区中反犹太仇恨犯罪的水平较高。结果还表明，反犹太犯罪发生在社会组织更紧密，经济条件更好的社区。

结论：

这项研究的发现表明，当少数群体越来越多地进入多数地区时，犹太受害者将成为万能的目标。这些被捍卫的社区以及其他发现对犯罪学的社会混乱理论以及警察和其他负责打击偏见犯罪的人都具有深远的意义。