Parental scaffolding, or parenting behaviors that support children's independence and competence, can foster children's self-regulation development. Children facing higher cumulative risk may experience less scaffolding and more directives from parents, but it is unclear how cumulative risk affects the dynamics of parent-child interactions in real time. We examined the role of cumulative risk in mothers' moment-to-moment use of scaffolding and directives in response to preschoolers' off- and on-task behaviors (N = 117). Mothers answered questionnaires about cumulative risk at child age 2.5 years and completed a challenging puzzle task with their preschoolers at age 3 years. Continuous-time multilevel survival analyses revealed differences by cumulative risk in the likelihood of mothers' parenting responses following children's off- and on-task behavioral transitions over the course of the interaction. Specifically, when children went off-task, higher cumulative risk was associated with a lower likelihood of maternal scaffolding, but a comparable likelihood of directives, compared to lower risk mothers. When children got on-task, mothers with higher cumulative risk were less likely to respond with scaffolding and more likely to respond with directives than lower risk mothers. These results suggest that parents at higher risk respond with less scaffolding regardless of child behavior and respond with more directive commands when they may be unnecessary. Findings provide novel, real-time descriptive information about how and when parents experiencing cumulative risk use scaffolding and directive strategies, thus informing microlevel targets for intervention. Implications for the development of self-regulation in children at risk are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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母体支架的动态因累积风险状态而异。

父母的脚手架，或支持儿童独立和能力的养育行为，可以促进儿童的自我调节发展。面临更高累积风险的孩子可能会经历更少的脚手架和更多来自父母的指示，但尚不清楚累积风险如何实时影响亲子互动的动态。我们检查了累积风险在母亲时时使用脚手架和指令以应对学龄前儿童的任务外和任务外行为中的作用（N = 117）。母亲在 2.5 岁时回答了有关累积风险的问卷，并在 3 岁时与学龄前儿童一起完成了一项具有挑战性的拼图任务。连续时间多级生存分析揭示了母亲患病可能性的累积风险差异 在互动过程中，孩子们在任务外和任务外的行为转变后的养育反应。具体来说，当孩子离开任务时，与风险较低的母亲相比，较高的累积风险与较低的母亲脚手架可能性相关，但指令的可能性相当。当孩子们开始执行任务时，与风险较低的母亲相比，累积风险较高的母亲不太可能用脚手架做出反应，而更有可能用指令做出反应。这些结果表明，无论孩子的行为如何，风险较高的父母都会用更少的脚手架做出反应，并在可能不必要时用更多的指令性命令做出反应。研究结果提供了关于父母如何以及何时使用脚手架和指导策略的新颖、实时的描述性信息，从而为干预提供微观层面的目标。讨论了对处于危险中的儿童进行自我调节的影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。