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Rüdiger Graf, Oil and Sovereignty. Petro-Knowledge and Energy Policy in the Unites States and Western Europe in the 1970
Journal of Contemporary History ( IF 0.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1177/0022009420921295o
Giuliano Garavini 1
Affiliation  

However, despite its newness and its extreme artifice, the town has come to be seen as the home of a normative British everyman and woman, a place whose preferences and prejudices are the raw material of British politics and should be courted by anyone who seeks power. The most important lesson from Milton Keynes in British Culture is about the unexpected ways that certain landscapes become imbued with cultural meaning as unexpected historical events unfold. This brings us, at last, to the Concrete Cows, the sculptures created in 1978 by the city’s Canadian artist in residence, Liz Leyh. The Cows, with their knowing artificiality and misplaced whimsy have become a perennial national joke. Pik o shows how the town’s development corporation launched a PR war to try and contain the damage, as the Cows became an almost daily joke in national newspapers and radio programmes in the late 1970s. It was, however, too late, and, in Pik o’s words, the ‘ascendant rhetorical framework “stuck” meanings to the town from which [it] could not escape’ (p. 116). The die was cast for a generation. Ultimately, then, this book is a study in how the wider cultural meanings of urban space cannot be fully controlled or anticipated. In other words, while you can plan roads, houses, parks and shopping malls, you cannot plan for the ways that these things will be ascribed meaning over passing generations. This is why, 40 years later, when tell people where I grew up, I still have to hear the same tired refrain about Concrete Cows.

中文翻译:

Rüdiger Graf,石油与主权。1970 年美国和西欧的石油知识和能源政策

然而,尽管这座小镇很新奇,但它已经开始被视为一个规范的英国普通男女的家,一个地方的偏好和偏见是英国政治的原材料,任何寻求权力的人都应该受到追捧。 . 米尔顿凯恩斯在英国文化中最重要的一课是,随着意外历史事件的展开,某些景观以出人意料的方式变得充满文化意义。这最终将我们带到了混凝土奶牛,这是该市的加拿大常驻艺术家 Liz Leyh 于 1978 年创作的雕塑。奶牛队以其明知故犯​​和错位的奇思妙想已经成为一个常年的全国笑话。Pik o 展示了该镇的开发公司如何发起公关战以试图遏制破坏,在 1970 年代后期,奶牛几乎成了全国性报纸和广播节目中的每日笑话。然而,为时已晚,用Pik o 的话说,“上升的修辞框架“卡住”了[它] 无法逃离的城镇的含义”(第116 页)。铸了一代人的模具。归根结底,这本书是关于如何无法完全控制或预测城市空间更广泛的文化意义的研究。换句话说,虽然您可以规划道路、房屋、公园和购物中心,但您无法规划这些事物将在几代人中被赋予意义的方式。这就是为什么 40 年后,当我告诉人们我在哪里长大的时候,我仍然不得不听到关于混凝土奶牛的同样疲惫的副歌。“上升的修辞框架将意义“固定”在[它]无法逃离的城镇”(第116页)。铸了一代人的模具。归根结底,这本书是关于如何无法完全控制或预测城市空间更广泛的文化意义的研究。换句话说,虽然您可以规划道路、房屋、公园和购物中心,但您无法规划这些事物将在几代人中被赋予意义的方式。这就是为什么 40 年后,当我告诉人们我在哪里长大的时候,我仍然不得不听到关于混凝土奶牛的同样疲惫的副歌。“上升的修辞框架将意义“固定”在[它]无法逃离的城镇”(第116页)。铸了一代人的模具。归根结底,这本书是关于如何无法完全控制或预测城市空间更广泛的文化意义的研究。换句话说,虽然您可以规划道路、房屋、公园和购物中心,但您无法规划这些事物将在几代人中被赋予意义的方式。这就是为什么 40 年后,当我告诉人们我在哪里长大的时候,我仍然不得不听到关于混凝土奶牛的同样疲惫的副歌。房屋、公园和购物中心,您无法计划这些事物将在几代人中被赋予意义的方式。这就是为什么 40 年后,当我告诉人们我在哪里长大的时候,我仍然不得不听到关于混凝土奶牛的同样疲惫的副歌。房屋、公园和购物中心,您无法计划这些事物将在几代人中被赋予意义的方式。这就是为什么 40 年后,当我告诉人们我在哪里长大的时候,我仍然不得不听到关于混凝土奶牛的同样疲惫的副歌。
更新日期:2020-07-01
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