Efficacious translational research in health psychology relies on specifying why intervention strategies change health behaviors and when, for what behaviors, and for whom, do these strategies promote change. Whereas interventions' mechanism of action (the why question) has attracted considerable attention, there is a need to conceptualize and integrate factors that moderate intervention effectiveness. Intervention effects on health behaviors are a function of 2 change processes: how effectively interventions change mechanisms of action (target engagement), and how effectively those mechanisms change behavior (target validity). We outline the Operating Conditions Framework (OCF) to articulate theoretical linkages between mechanisms and moderators and begin the process of specifying circumstances that promote target engagement and target validity. A review of 46 meta-analyses of behavioral interventions offers impetus for the OCF by revealing that heterogeneity of effect sizes is frequent, substantial, and largely unexplained in traditional moderator analyses. We present an approach to moderation grounded on the distinction between 2 foci-engagement moderation and validity moderation-and reveal that little is known about variation in how interventions change targets and how changing targets promotes behavior change. The OCF addresses this need by maintaining researchers' focus on mechanisms of behavior change but doing so while embracing the conditional nature of these processes. Because the OCF prioritizes consideration of contextual factors at the outset of a research program, early-phase translational research will be critical in specifying operating conditions and, ultimately, generating guidelines regarding why, when, for whom, and for what behaviors are intervention strategies effective. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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操作条件框架：健康行为干预措施中的整合机制和主持人。

健康心理学方面的有效转化研究取决于确定干预策略为何会改变健康行为，以及何时，何种行为以及这些策略会为谁带来改变。尽管干预措施的作用机制（为什么是问题）引起了极大的关注，但需要概念化和整合影响干预效果的因素。干预对健康行为的影响是两个变化过程的函数：干预如何有效地改变行动机制（目标参与），以及这些机制如何有效地改变行为（目标有效性）。我们概述了操作条件框架（OCF），以阐明机制与主持人之间的理论联系，并开始指定促进目标参与和目标有效性的情况。回顾46项行为干预的荟萃分析，通过揭示效应大小的异质性是频繁，实质性的，并且在传统主持人分析中无法解释的，这为OCF带来了动力。我们提出了一种基于2个焦点参与适度和有效性适度之间的区别的适度方法，并且揭示了关于干预措施如何改变目标以及改变目标如何促进行为改变的变化知之甚少。OCF通过维持研究人员的 关注行为改变的机制，但同时要考虑这些过程的条件性质。因为OCF在研究计划开始时就优先考虑了上下文因素，所以早期的转化研究对于指定操作条件以及最终生成有关干预策略为何有效，何时，针对谁以及针对哪种行为有效的准则至关重要。 。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。