OBJECTIVE Social behavior (e.g., loneliness, isolation) has been indicated as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Recent studies show that Type D personality might be an important predictor of social behavior. Hence, the current exploratory study aims to examine, using ecological assessment, whether Type D personality is associated with a lower likelihood to engage in social encounters in patients with cardiovascular disease. METHOD Cardiac patients who participated in the Do CHANGE (Phase 2) trial were included in current analysis. As part of the Do CHANGE intervention, real-life data were collected in the intervention group using the MOVES app, which was installed on patients' mobile phones. For a period of 6 months, Global Positioning System (GPS) data from the participating patients were collected. From the GPS data, 3 target variables were computed: (a) general activity level, (b) social variety, and (c) social opportunity. RESULTS A total of 70 patients were included in the analysis. Patients with a Type D personality had lower scores on the "social opportunity" variable compared to non-Type D patients (F = 6.72; p = .01). Type D personality was associated with lower social participation after adjusting for depression and anxiety. No association between Type D personality and general activity or behavioral variety was observed. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to use an ecological measure to assess social behavior of cardiac patients with a Type D personality. Results show that Type D personality might be associated with lower social engagement, which could, in turn, partly explain its association with adverse health outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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D型人格和全球定位系统跟踪了心血管疾病患者的社交行为。

目的社会行为（例如孤独，孤立）已被指示为心血管疾病的重要危险因素。最近的研究表明，D型人格可能是社交行为的重要预测指标。因此，当前的探索性研究旨在通过生态评估来检查D型人格是否与心血管疾病患者进行社交活动的可能性降低有关。方法将参加Do CHANGE（第二阶段）试验的心脏患者纳入当前分析。作为“做改变”干预的一部分，使用安装在患者手机上的MOVES应用程序在干预组中收集了真实的数据。在为期6个月的时间里，收集了来自参与患者的全球定位系统（GPS）数据。根据GPS数据，计算了3个目标变量：（a）一般活动水平，（b）社会多样性和（c）社会机会。结果分析共纳入70例患者。与非D型患者相比，具有D型性格的患者在“社交机会”变量上得分较低（F = 6.72； p = 0.01）。调整抑郁症和焦虑症后，D型人格与较低的社会参与度相关。没有观察到D型人格与一般活动或行为多样性之间的关联。结论这是第一项使用生态学方法评估具有D型性格的心脏病患者的社会行为的研究。结果表明，D型人格可能与较低的社会参与度有关，这又可以部分解释其与不良健康后果的关系。