Objective: Prior research shows that America's top-selling inexpensive casual dining restaurants use less appealing language to describe healthy menu items than standard items. This may suggest to diners that healthy options are less tasty and enjoyable. The present research asked whether expensive restaurants also use less appealing language to describe healthy items, or whether healthy items are described with equally appealing language as standard items in high status dining contexts. Method: Using Yelp, the name and description of every food item were recorded from the menus of 160 top-rated expensive restaurants across 8 U.S. cities (Nitems = 3,295; Nwords = 32,516). Healthy menu items were defined as salads and side vegetables, and standard items as all other dishes (excluding desserts), with high interrater reliability (K = .89). Descriptive words were categorized into 22 predefined themes, and log likelihood analyses compared normalized theme frequencies from standard item and healthy item descriptions. Results: Healthy items were described with 4.8-times fewer American region words, 2.7-times fewer exciting words, 1.4-times fewer tasty words, and significantly fewer portion size, spicy, artisanal, and foreign region words. Unlike inexpensive restaurants, however, expensive restaurants did not use any health-focused themes to promote healthy items and used several appealing themes more frequently in healthy item descriptions. Conclusions: Like inexpensive restaurants, expensive American restaurants described healthy items as less appealing and less authentically American than standard foods, but to a lesser extent. Implications for ordering behavior and solutions for improving the appeal of healthy menu items are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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五星级的价格，吸引人的健康商品说明？昂贵的餐厅的描述性菜单语言。

目的：先前的研究表明，与标准食品相比，美国最畅销的廉价休闲餐厅使用更少的语言描述健康的菜单食品。这可能会向食客表明，健康的选择不太好吃且不愉快。本研究询问昂贵的餐厅是否还使用吸引力较小的语言来描述健康食品，或者是否在高级用餐环境中以相同的吸引力语言将健康食品描述为标准食品。方法：使用Yelp，从美国8个城市的160家顶级昂贵餐馆的菜单中记录了每种食品的名称和描述（尼滕斯= 3,295； Nwords = 32,516）。健康的菜单项被定义为沙拉和配菜，标准项被定义为所有其他菜肴（不包括甜点），并且具有很高的间隔可靠性（K = .89）。描述性单词被分类为22个预定义主题，对数似然分析比较了标准商品和健康商品描述中的标准化主题频率。结果：描述健康食品时，美国地区的单词减少了4.8倍，令人兴奋的单词减少了2.7倍，美味单词减少了1.4倍，份量，辛辣，手工和异国情调的单词也大大减少了。但是，与廉价餐厅不同，昂贵的餐厅没有使用任何以健康为中心的主题来推广健康食品，而是在健康食品说明中更频繁地使用了几个吸引人的主题。结论：与廉价餐厅一样，昂贵的美国餐厅将健康食品描述为比标准食品更具吸引力，而且不像美国食品那样真实，但程度却较低。讨论了订购行为的含义以及提高健康菜单项吸引力的解决方案。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。