This paper describes a review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews, to explore what appears to be ineffective in reducing reoffending among people convicted of crime. The focus of this review is on secondary or tertiary crime prevention initiatives, concentrating on interventions aiming to reduce offending among adults serving sentences in custody or the community. Twenty-one reviews met the inclusion criteria, covering interventions aiming to reduce violence, domestic violence, sexual offending, drug misuse, driving under the influence, and general reoffending. Fourteen of these reviews identified interventions that have no impact on criminal recidivism, and three identified interventions that in at least one study were actively harmful by increasing the risk of recidivism of participants. Findings suggest that ineffective interventions may comprise drug testing as a stand-alone strategy, insight-oriented and behavioral interventions for sexual offending, brief interventions for alcohol misuse, and in prison in the longer-term, agonist pharmacological treatment alone for drug misuse. Those interventions that had demonstrated, in at least one of the evaluations reviewed, that they were associated with negative behaviors were court-mandated treatment for domestic violence, boot camps, incarceration-based agonist drug treatment and custodial (when compared to noncustodial) sanctions. Taken together with the findings of previous reviews in this area, the authors identify features of interventions which are likely to be ineffective in reducing reoffending. Explanations for these interventions’ likely failure to reduce reoffending draw on criminological and social psychological research and behavioral science. The authors also note that this review may not include all relevant evidence and findings should therefore be considered indicative.

中文翻译：

---

什么对减少重新冒犯无效？

本文描述了荟萃分析的综述和系统的综述，以探讨在减少被定罪的人中再犯方面似乎无效的因素。这次审查的重点是二级或三级犯罪预防举措，重点是旨在减少在押或社区服刑的成年人中的犯罪行为的干预措施。21项审查符合纳入标准，涵盖旨在减少暴力，家庭暴力，性犯罪，滥用毒品，在影响下驾驶和普遍再犯罪的干预措施。这些审查中的十四项确定了对犯罪再犯没有影响的干预措施，三项确定了在至少一项研究中通过增加参与者再犯的风险而对健康有害的干预措施。研究结果表明，无效的干预措施可能包括将药物测试作为一项独立策略，针对性犯罪的有见识的行为干预，针对酒精滥用的简短干预措施以及长期针对药物滥用的激动剂进行药物治疗。在至少一项所评估的评估中证明与不良行为有关的那些干预措施是法院对家庭暴力，新兵训练营，基于监禁的激动剂药物治疗和羁押（与非羁押相比）的制裁。结合先前在该领域的评论发现，作者确定了可能无法有效减少再犯的干预措施的特征。这些干预措施可能无法减少再犯现象的解释来自犯罪学和社会心理学研究以及行为科学。作者还指出，本综述可能未涵盖所有相关证据，因此应将调查结果视为指示性的。