Chronic illnesses cause considerable burden in quality of life, often leading to physical, psychological, and social dysfunctioning of the sufferers and their family. There is a growing need for flexible provision of home-based psychological services to increase reach even for traditionally underserved chronic illness sufferer populations. Digital interventions can fulfill this role and provide a range of psychological services to improve functioning. Despite the potential of digital interventions, concerns remain regarding users’ engagement, as low engagement is associated with low adherence rates, high attrition, and suboptimal exposure to the intervention. Human–computer interaction (e.g., theoretical models of persuasive system design, gamification, tailoring, and supportive accountability) and user characteristics (e.g., gender, age, computer literacy) are the main identified culprits contributing to engagement and adherence difficulties. To date, there have not been any clear and concise recommendations for improved utilization and engagement in digital interventions. This paper provides an overview of user engagement factors and proposes research informed recommendations for engagement and adherence planning in digital intervention development. The recommendations were derived from the literature and consensualized by expert members of the European Federation of Psychology Associations, Psychology and Health Standing Committee, and e-Health Task Force. These recommendations serve as a starting point for researchers and clinicians interested in the digitalized health field and promote effective planning for engagement when developing digital interventions with the potential to maximize adherence and optimal exposure in the treatment of chronic health conditions.

中文翻译：

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进行数字干预以改善慢性病患者的参与度和依从性的最佳做法和建议

慢性疾病给生活质量带来了沉重负担，通常导致患者及其家人的身体，心理和社交功能障碍。越来越需要灵活提供家庭心理服务，以增加传统上服务不足的慢性病患者的覆盖面。数字干预可以发挥这一作用，并提供各种心理服务来改善功能。尽管有数字干预的潜力，但用户参与度仍然令人担忧，因为参与度低会导致依从率低，损耗大，干预措施暴露不足。人机交互（例如，说服系统设计，游戏化，裁缝和支持性责任制的理论模型）和用户特征（例如，性别，年龄，计算机素养）是导致交往和遵守困难的主要罪魁祸首。迄今为止，还没有任何明确，简洁的建议来改善数字干预的利用和参与。本文概述了用户参与因素，并针对数字干预开发中的参与和依从性计划提出了研究依据的建议。这些建议来自文献，并得到欧洲心理学会联合会，心理学和健康常务委员会以及电子卫生工作组专家成员的同意。