The downloading and possession of Child Sexual Exploitation Materials (CSEM; also referred to as child pornography and indecent images of children) is a commonly convicted type of Internet sexual offenses. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on CSEM offenders. We first provide a summary of the key motivations of CSEM offenders, characteristics of CSEM offenders compared to contact sexual offenders against children, and important facilitative factors. We then review the factors related to recidivism among CSEM offenders. Finally, we describe current developments in the risk assessment, police case prioritization, and treatment approaches for CSEM offenders. Generally, CSEM offenders hold a sexual interest in children, are low on antisocial tendencies, and pose a low risk to reoffend (including contact sexual offending). Key facilitative factors for CSEM offending include access to children, offense-supportive cognitions, and sexual arousal. Factors indicative of antisocial tendencies (e.g., criminal history) are associated with an increased risk of reoffending. Lastly, we address atypical sexual interest, socio-affective dysfunctions, and strategies for maintaining an offense-free lifestyle as key treatment targets for CSEM offenders. Lower treatment dosage, however, should be considered given CSEM-exclusive offenders’ lower risk level for contact sexual offenses. We hope that this review will inspire others to explore the current research gaps in future studies.

中文翻译：

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儿童性剥削材料罪犯

下载和拥有儿童色情剥削材料（CSEM；也称为儿童色情制品和不雅儿童图像）是一种常见的互联网性犯罪。这篇综述总结了对CSEM犯罪者的了解。首先，我们概述了CSEM罪犯的主要动机，与针对儿童的接触性罪犯相比，CSEM罪犯的特征以及重要的促进因素。然后，我们回顾了CSEM罪犯中与累犯有关的因素。最后，我们描述了风险评估，警察案件优先级划分以及针对CSEM罪犯的治疗方法的最新发展。通常，CSEM罪犯对孩子具有性兴趣，反社会倾向低，再犯的风险低（包括接触性犯罪）。CSEM犯罪的关键促进因素包括接触儿童，支持犯罪的认知和性唤起。指示反社会倾向的因素（例如犯罪记录）与再次犯罪的风险增加相关。最后，我们解决非典型的性兴趣，社会情感障碍和维持无犯罪生活方式的策略，将其作为CSEM罪犯的主要治疗目标。但是，考虑到CSEM专用罪犯的接触性犯罪风险较低，应考虑降低治疗剂量。我们希望这篇评论会激发其他人探索未来研究中的当前研究差距。犯罪记录）与再次犯罪的风险增加相关。最后，我们解决非典型的性兴趣，社会情感障碍和维持无犯罪生活方式的策略，将其作为CSEM罪犯的主要治疗目标。但是，考虑到CSEM专用罪犯的接触性犯罪风险较低，应考虑降低治疗剂量。我们希望这篇评论会激发其他人探索未来研究中的当前研究差距。犯罪记录）与再次犯罪的风险增加相关。最后，我们解决非典型的性兴趣，社会情感障碍和维持无犯罪生活方式的策略，将其作为CSEM罪犯的主要治疗目标。但是，考虑到CSEM专用罪犯的接触性犯罪风险较低，应考虑降低治疗剂量。我们希望这篇评论会激发其他人探索未来研究中的当前研究差距。