Recognizing emotional expressions across different people and discriminating between them are important social skills. We examined their development using a novel free-sorting task in which children (aged 5 to 10) and adults sorted 20 faces (posing sadness, anger, fear, and disgust) into piles such that all faces in each pile were feeling the same. Participants could make as many or few piles (emotion categories) as they liked and then labeled each pile. There were no age-related changes in the number of piles made. Children made more confusion errors (two emotions in the same pile) than adults, a pattern that decreased with age. Errors were not random, but disproportionately involved placing fearful faces into piles labeled sad and disgusted faces into piles labeled angry-especially among children who did not produce fear and disgust labels, respectively. Our findings are consistent with differentiation and constructivist models of the development of emotion perception. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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在自由分类任务中识别，区分和标记情感表达：发展故事。

认识不同人之间的情感表达并加以区别是重要的社交技能。我们使用一种新颖的自由分类任务检查了他们的发育情况，其中儿童（5至10岁）和成人将20张面孔（带来悲伤，愤怒，恐惧和厌恶）分类成一堆，使每堆面孔都感觉相同。参与者可以根据自己的喜好创建任意数量的桩（情感类别），然后标记每个桩。堆数没有与年龄相关的变化。儿童比成人犯更多的混乱错误（同一堆里有两种情绪），这种错误随着年龄的增长而降低。错误不是随机发生的，而是不成比例地涉及将恐惧的面孔放入标记为悲伤的一堆中，将厌恶的面孔放入标记为愤怒的一堆中，尤其是在没有产生恐惧和厌恶标签的儿童中，分别。我们的发现与情绪感知发展的差异化和建构主义模型是一致的。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。