Parents want their children to be happy, educated, and successful, but are these goals related? People assume that success leads to happiness, but research on adults supports a reverse conceptualization: Happy people are more successful. Is happiness during childhood also linked to later success? Across the lifespan positive affect is linked with expanded cognitive abilities, learning, and resource building that can be adaptive and useful such that it leads to more success. Conversely, ongoing negative affect can reduce opportunities for growth and learning. Thus, happiness at any age may predict future success. Yet, no research has examined if positive and negative affect during infancy predicts childhood cognitive abilities and adult academics success. In a community sample, I hypothesized that higher infant positive affect (but not negative affect) would predict higher childhood cognitive abilities (i.e., IQ) and adult academic success (i.e., education attainment) in a 29-year study (n = 130). Positive affect, but not negative affect, during infancy (age 1.5), directly predicted higher childhood IQ (ages 6-8) and higher educational attainment (age 29), even after controlling for family socioeconomic status and infant intelligence. Childhood IQ partially explained the link between positive affect during infancy and adult educational attainment. This study advances understanding of how happiness during infancy (before formal education has begun) is linked to gold standard indicators of cognitive abilities and adult academic success. Parents, educators, and policymakers may want to place a higher value on early affective experiences when considering educational success. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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婴儿幸福感的层叠：婴儿的积极影响可以预测儿童的智商和成人的受教育程度。

父母希望孩子快乐，受过教育并取得成功，但是这些目标是否相关？人们以为成功带来幸福，但是对成年人的研究却支持相反的概念：快乐的人更成功。童年时期的幸福是否也与以后的成功联系在一起？在整个生命周期中，积极影响与认知能力，学习和资源建设的扩展有关，这些能力可以适应性和有用性，从而带来更大的成功。相反，持续的负面影响会减少成长和学习的机会。因此，任何年龄的幸福都可以预示未来的成功。然而，尚无研究检查婴儿期的正面和负面影响是否可以预测儿童的认知能力和成年学者的成功。在社区样本中，我假设在一项为期29年的研究中（n = 130），较高的婴儿积极影响（而非负面影响）将预测较高的儿童认知能力（即智商）和成人学习成功（即教育程度）。即使在控制了家庭的社会经济地位和婴儿智力之后，婴儿期（1.5岁）的正面影响但不是负面影响，直接预测了儿童智商较高（6-8岁）和受教育程度较高（29岁）。童年智商在一定程度上解释了婴儿期的积极影响与成人受教育程度之间的联系。这项研究提高了对婴儿期（正式教育开始之前）的幸福如何与认知能力和成人学业成功的金标准指标联系起来的理解。父母，教育者 政策制定者在考虑教育成功时可能希望对早期情感体验给予更高的重视。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。