Cognitive reappraisal is an emotion regulation strategy that involves reinterpreting the meaning of an event or its outcome to change its emotional trajectory. In this study, we examined how cognitive reappraisal affects both emotional experience and memory outcomes. We also examined whether these outcomes are modulated by participants' self-reported success at generating reappraisals. To do this, we asked participants to use situation-focused reappraisals to decrease their emotional response to some negative images and to passively view other negative images while facial electromyography (EMG) was recorded. After each trial, participants rated the image's emotional valence and arousal. During reappraisal trials, participants also self-reported their success in generating a reappraisal. One week later, memory was assessed with a surprise free recall test followed by a recognition test. Compared with images that were passively viewed, participants (N = 42) rated the successfully reappraised images as lower in arousal and less negative in valence. Meanwhile, there was an emotional cost associated with failures to generate reappraisals; participants rated these images as higher in arousal and more negative in valence. No similar effects emerged for the EMG ratings. In contrast to these emotional outcomes, a different pattern emerged for the memory outcomes. Instructions to reappraise led to enhanced recall and recognition and to greater memory confidence regardless of whether or not participants successfully generated the reappraisals. Taken together, these results suggest that trying, but failing, to generate a situation-focused cognitive reappraisal may be detrimental. In these situations, people feel worse but remember the situation well. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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重新评估成功在情绪和记忆结果中的作用。

认知重新评估是一种情绪调节策略，涉及重新解释事件的含义或其结​​果以改变其情绪轨迹。在这项研究中，我们研究了认知重新评估如何影响情绪体验和记忆结果。我们还检查了这些结果是否受参与者自我评价重述的成功所调节。为此，我们要求参与者在记录面部肌电图（EMG）时使用针对特定情况的重新评估，以减少他们对某些负面图像的情绪反应，并被动查看其他负面图像。每次试验后，参与者对图像的情感价和唤醒度进行评分。在重新评估试验中，参与者还自我报告了他们在进行重新评估方面的成功。一周后，记忆力通过无意外回忆测试和识别测试进行评估。与被动观看的图像相比，参与者（N = 42）对成功重新评估的图像的唤醒程度较低，化合价较低。同时，由于未能进行重新评估而产生了情感上的损失。参与者对这些图像的唤醒程度更高，而其价数则更负面。EMG评级没有出现类似的影响。与这些情绪结果相反，记忆结果出现了不同的模式。无论参与者是否成功进行了重新评估，重新评估的指示都可以增强回忆和认可度，并增强记忆信心。综上所述，这些结果表明，尝试但失败了，生成针对情况的认知重新评估可能是有害的。在这种情况下，人们会感到更糟，但要牢记这种情况。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。