Sometimes risk involves taking actions that in and of themselves elicit emotion, often fearful emotions. Across two studies we test the hypothesis that preventing facial actions associated with fear and anxiety responses during a risky decision task leads to greater risk taking. We first demonstrate that while performing the balloon analogue risk task (Lejuez et al., 2002), individuals make grimaces associated with anxious anticipation. In Study 1 (n = 120), experimental condition participants had inflexible medical tape attached to their foreheads to disrupt movement of the brow, and they wore a mouth guard that interfered with actions involving the mouth. Tape was also applied to control participants' faces, but it did not disrupt facial action, and they did not wear a mouth guard. All participants performed the balloon analogue risk task, in which a greater number of balloon pumps signals more risk taking. Study 2 (n = 202) served as a replication and minor extension that added a second risk task also predicted to elicit anxious anticipation (i.e., a jack-in-the-box toy). As hypothesized, disrupting the activation of facial muscles led to more balloon pumps and lever turns. Our findings suggest that facial expressions modulate risk taking. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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破坏面部动作会增加冒险精神。

有时，风险涉及采取本身会引起情绪，通常是恐惧情绪的行为。在两项研究中，我们检验了以下假设：在有风险的决策任务中阻止与恐惧和焦虑反应相关的面部动作会导致更大的冒险精神。我们首先证明，在执行气球模拟风险任务时（Lejuez等，2002），个人会做出与焦虑预期相关的鬼脸。在研究1（n = 120）中，实验条件参与者的前额上贴有不弯曲的医用胶带，以打断额头的运动，并且他们戴着护齿罩，干扰了涉及嘴部的动作。胶带还用于控制参与者的脸部，但不会破坏面部动作，也没有佩戴护齿器。所有参与者都执行了气球模拟风险任务，在这种情况下，数量更多的球囊泵发出更多风险信号。研究2（n = 202）用作复制和次要延伸，增加了第二项风险任务，该任务也预计会引起焦虑的预期（即，装在盒子里的玩具）。如所假设的，破坏面部肌肉的激活导致更多的气球泵和杠杆转动。我们的发现表明，面部表情可以调节冒险行为。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。我们的发现表明，面部表情可以调节冒险行为。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。我们的发现表明，面部表情可以调节冒险行为。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。