People use stereotypes about the benefits of wealth and success to infer that rich people look happier than poor people. For instance, perceivers categorize smiling faces as rich more often than they categorize neutral faces as rich. Moreover, richer people's neutral faces in fact display more positive affect than poorer people's neutral faces. Applying these emotion stereotypes thus enables perceivers to accurately classify targets' social class from their neutral faces. Extant research has left unexplained whether perceivers use broad differences in valence or specific emotions when judging others' social class, however. We tested this here by examining how 4 negatively valenced emotions influence perceptions of social class: sadness, anger, disgust, and fear. Whereas sadness and anger relate to both stereotypes and actual correlates of lower social class (e.g., depression and hostility, respectively), no established links suggest that poorer people should express or experience greater disgust or fear. Consistent with stereotypes of lower-class people, targets expressing sadness and anger were categorized as poor or working class more often than neutral targets were. Targets expressing disgust and fear also looked lower class than neutral targets did, however. These combined findings therefore suggest that perceivers rely on valence differences rather than specific emotions to judge social class, indicating that the broad perception of low social class as a negative state (and high social class as a positive state) may drive face-based impressions of social class. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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负面情绪和感知的社会阶层。

人们使用关于财富和成功的好处的刻板印象来推断，富人比穷人看起来更幸福。例如，感知者将笑脸分类为丰富的频率要比他们将中性面孔分类为丰富的频率高。而且，实际上富人的中性面孔比穷人的中性面孔表现出更大的积极影响。因此，应用这些情感刻板印象可以使感知者从他们的中性面孔准确地分类目标的社会阶层。但是，现有的研究无法解释感知者在判断他人的社会阶层时是使用价态差异还是特定情感差异。我们在这里通过检查4种负价情绪如何影响社会阶层的看法来测试这一点：悲伤，愤怒，厌恶和恐惧。悲伤和愤怒既与刻板印象相关，也与下层社会阶层的实际相关性（分别是抑郁和敌对）有关，但没有确定的联系表明较贫穷的人应该表达或经历更大的厌恶或恐惧。与低下阶层的刻板印象相一致，表达悲伤和愤怒的对象被归为贫穷或工人阶级的比例要比中立的对象高。但是，表示厌恶和恐惧的目标看上去也比中立目标低。因此，这些综合研究结果表明，感知者依靠效价差异而不是特定的情感来判断社会阶层，这表明，将低社会阶层视为消极状态（而将高社会阶层视为积极状态）的广泛认知可能会推动基于面部表情的印象社会阶层。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，