Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their first-degree relatives show differences from neurotypical individuals in emotional face processing. Prospective studies of infant siblings of children with ASD, a group at high risk for autism (HRA), allow researchers to examine the early emergence of these differences. This study used eye tracking to examine disengagement of attention from emotional faces (fearful, happy, neutral) at 6, 9, and 12 months in low-risk control infants (LRC) and HRA infants who received a subsequent clinical judgment of ASD (HRA+) or non-ASD (HRA-). Infants saw centrally presented faces followed by a peripheral distractor (with face remaining present). For each emotion, latency to shift to the distractor and percentage of trials with no shift were calculated. Results showed increased saccadic latency and a greater percentage of no-shift trials for fearful faces. No between-group differences were present for emotion; however, there was an interaction between age and group for disengagement latency, with HRA+ infants slower to shift at 12 months compared with the other 2 groups. With HRA+ infants slower to shift at 12 months compared with the other groups. Exploratory correlational analyses looking at shift biases to fearful faces alongside measures of social behavior at 12 and 18 months (from the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales) revealed that for HRA+ infants, 9- and 12-month fear biases were significantly related to 12- and 18-month social abilities, respectively. This work suggests that both low- and high-risk infants show biases to threat-relevant faces, and that for HRA+, differences in attention shifting emerge with age, and a stronger fear bias could potentially relate to less social difficulty. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

对自闭症谱系障碍高风险婴儿的恐惧面孔应注意偏见。

自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的个体及其一级亲属在情感面部处理方面与神经型个体表现出差异。对患有自闭症（HRA）高风险的ASD儿童的兄弟姐妹进行的前瞻性研究使研究人员能够检查这些差异的早期出现。这项研究使用眼动追踪技术检查了接受了ASD（HRA + ）或非ASD（HRA-）。婴儿看到的是居中显示的面孔，其次是外围的干扰物（仍然存在面孔）。对于每种情绪，都计算了转移到干扰物上的潜伏期和无转移的试验百分比。结果表明，可怕的面孔增加了acc行潜伏期，无轮班试验的比例更高。两组之间没有情感差异。然而，年龄和年龄组之间的分离潜伏期存在相互作用，与其他两组相比，HRA +婴儿在12个月时的移动速度较慢。与其他组相比，使用HRA +的婴儿在12个月时的移动速度较慢。探索性相关分析探讨了恐惧面孔的转移偏见以及12和18个月社交行为的测量结果（根据沟通和象征行为量表），发现对于HRA +婴儿，9和12个月的恐惧偏见与12和分别具有18个月的社交能力。这项工作表明，低风险和高风险婴儿对与威胁相关的面孔都有偏见，而对于HRA +，注意转移的差异随着年龄的增长而出现，更强烈的恐惧倾向可能与减少社会困难有关。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。