Affective science offers many self-report measures, but implicit measures of multiple distinct emotional states are lacking. Prior research (Bartoszek & Cervone, 2017) initiated the development of such an assessment method by examining whether ratings of the emotional content of abstract images reveal raters' emotional states. The current studies were designed to determine whether the speed of these ratings is key to the validity of an implicit emotion measure. To this end, Study 1 exploited naturally occurring variations in response times, whereas Study 2 used time pressure in responding to the implicit measure. Both studies featured a fear-induction and revealed that implicitly assessed fear correlated with psychophysiological (Study 1) and behavioral (Studies 1 and 2) responses even when controlling for self-reported fear. Importantly, results supported the construct, criterion, and incremental validity of the implicit measure only among participants who responded quickly. Study 3 employed a sadness-induction and an experimental manipulation of response times using fast- and slow-paced conditions. The emotion induction affected fast, but not slow, responses to the implicit measure. Overall, findings highlight the importance of response speed in implicit emotion assessment and suggest that the Implicit Measure of Distinct Emotional States can validly differentiate among emotions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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隐性地测量不同的情绪状态：响应速度的作用。

情感科学提供了许多自我报告的方法，但是缺乏对多种不同情绪状态的隐式测量。先前的研究（Bartoszek＆Cervone，2017）通过检查抽象图像的情感内容的评分是否揭示了评分者的情感状态来启动了这种评估方法的开发。当前的研究旨在确定这些评定的速度是否是隐含情绪测度有效性的关键。为此，研究1利用响应时间的自然变化，而研究2利用时间压力来响应隐式测度。两项研究均以诱发恐惧为特征，并揭示了即使在控制自我报告的恐惧时，隐含评估的恐惧也与心理生理反应（研究1）和行为反应（研究1和2）相关。重要的，结果仅在快速响应的参与者中支持隐式度量的结构，标准和增量有效性。研究3采用了快感和慢节奏条件下的悲伤诱导和响应时间的实验操纵。情绪感应对内隐测量的反应有快速但不缓慢的反应。总体而言，研究结果突显了反应速度在内隐情绪评估中的重要性，并表明不同情绪状态的内隐测度可以有效区分情绪。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。研究3采用了快感和慢节奏条件下的悲伤诱导和响应时间的实验操纵。情绪感应对内隐测量的反应有快速但不缓慢的反应。总体而言，研究结果突显了反应速度在内隐情绪评估中的重要性，并表明不同情绪状态的内隐测度可以有效区分情绪。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。研究3采用了快感和慢节奏条件下的悲伤诱导和响应时间的实验操纵。情绪感应对内隐测量的反应有快速但不缓慢的反应。总体而言，研究结果突显了反应速度在内隐情绪评估中的重要性，并表明不同情绪状态的内隐测度可以有效区分情绪。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。