The long-term negative effects of maternal depression on child outcome are thought to be mediated in part by deficits in caregiving; yet, few studies utilized longitudinal cohorts and repeated observations to specify these links. We tested the impact of deficits in maternal regulatory caregiving across the first decade of life on children's emotional, social, and cognitive outcomes at 10 years. A community birth cohort was repeatedly assessed for maternal depression across the first year and again at 6 and 10 years. At 9 months, 6 years, and 10 years patterns of regulatory caregiving were assessed during mother-child interactions; at 6 and 10 years children underwent psychiatric diagnosis; and at 10 years children's emotion recognition (ERc), executive functions (EF), and social collaboration (SC) were evaluated. Depressed mothers displayed deficits to regulatory caregiving across development and their children exhibited more psychiatric disorders, lower SC, and impaired ERc. Structural equation modeling demonstrated both direct paths from dysregulated caregiving at 6 and 10 years to impaired child EF and ERc and mediated paths via child psychiatric disorder on all 3 outcomes. Effects of 9-month caregiving were only indirect, via child disorder, differentiating infants on risk versus resilient trajectories. Patterns of maternal caregiving were individually stable over time. Our findings demonstrate disruptions to core regulation-based abilities in children of depressed mothers beyond infancy, contribute to discussion on risk and resilience in the context of a distinct early life stress condition, and underscore late childhood as a period of specific vulnerabilities that should become a focus of targeted interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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孕产妇抑郁会削弱儿童的情感理解力和执行功能：孕育的头十年，孕产妇护理失调的作用。

孕产妇抑郁对儿童结局的长期负面影响被认为部分由护理不足引起。然而，很少有研究利用纵向队列和重复观察来指定这些联系。我们测试了生命的第一个十年中母体监管照看的不足对10岁儿童的情感，社交和认知结果的影响。在第一年，6年和10年再次对社区出生队列的母亲抑郁进行了评估。在母婴互动中评估了9个月，6年和10年的监管照料模式；6至10岁的儿童接受了精神病学诊断；在10岁时，对儿童的情绪识别（ERc），执行功能（EF）和社会协作（SC）进行了评估。沮丧的母亲在整个发育过程中均缺乏监管照料，其子女则表现出更多的精神病，SC降低和ERc受损。结构方程模型显示了从6岁和10岁时护理失调到儿童EF和ERc受损的直接路径，以及在所有3种结局上通过儿童精神病所介导的路径。9个月保育的影响仅是间接的（通过儿童疾病），以区分婴儿的风险轨迹和弹性轨迹。随着时间的推移，孕产妇护理方式逐一保持稳定。我们的研究结果表明，在婴儿期过后，抑郁母亲的孩子对基于核心法规的能力的破坏，会导致在生活压力明显的情况下讨论风险和适应力，并强调儿童期是特定的脆弱时期，应该成为有针对性的干预措施的重点。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。