Whereas emotion regulation (ER) in response to distressing events is widely studied, the mechanisms underlying adaptive ER while anticipating these events are still unknown. In this study, we investigated how ER strategies and expectation influence (a) individuals' anticipatory and online processing of self-relevant events, and (b) their affective response to them. Sixty-one healthy female participants were exposed to bogus positive and negative social feedback under reappraisal (regulation) and watch (no regulation) instructions. During the anticipatory period, participants were either expecting negative feedback or they had no expectation regarding the valence of the upcoming self-relevant feedback. Hence, negative feedback was, respectively, expected or unexpected. Participants' affective responses were collected via self-report and electromyographic (EMG) activity over the corrugator muscle. Results showed that participants' negative affect (based on both self-reports and EMG) was reduced by the instructions to reappraise as compared to the watch condition. Yet, such beneficial effect of reappraisal was: (a) not observed during the anticipation phase, and (b) less effective when social feedback was expected (as compared to not expected) prior to its presentation. Possibly, cognitive reappraisal might be less able to overcome the influence of negative forecasting of self-relevant negative emotional stimuli. Research findings are discussed in light of potential mechanisms underlying impaired adaptive ER in patients vulnerable for mood disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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认知评估和期望在处理社会反馈中的作用。

尽管人们广泛研究了对痛苦事件做出反应的情绪调节（ER），但预测这些事件时适应性ER的潜在机制仍然未知。在这项研究中，我们调查了ER策略和期望如何影响（a）个人对自身相关事件的预期和在线处理，以及（b）他们对它们的情感反应。在重新评估（监管）和观察（无监管）指示的情况下，有61名健康的女性参与者暴露于虚假的正面和负面社会反馈。在预期期间，参与者要么期望得到负面反馈，要么对即将到来的自我相关反馈的效价没有期望。因此，负反馈分别是预期的或未预期的。参加者 通过自我报告和肌电图（EMG）活动收集皱纹肌的情感反应。结果表明，与观看状态相比，重新评估的指示减少了参与者的负面影响（基于自我报告和EMG）。然而，这种重新评估的有益效果是：（a）在预期阶段未观察到；（b）在提出之前预期有社会反馈（与未预期相比）时效果较差。可能，认知重新评估可能无法克服与自我相关的负面情绪刺激的负面预测的影响。鉴于易患情绪障碍的患者的适应性ER受损的潜在机制，讨论了研究结果。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。