This research addressed the question of why some bereaved individuals dream of the deceased whereas others do not. Two studies were conducted. In one, participants were 268 U.S. residents (150 men, 116 women, 1 other, and 1 undisclosed), with an age range of 20 to 70 (M = 33.8), who had lost a romantic partner or spouse in the previous 12 to 24 months. The second study had 162 U.S. residents (88 men and 74 women), aged 18 to 63 (M = 32.1), whose dog or cat had died in the previous 6 months. In both studies, participants completed online questionnaires assessing frequency of dreams of the deceased, general dream recall, consistency of dream recall, themes in dreams of the deceased, grief intensity, attachment to the deceased, and the personality variable of openness to experience. Path analyses found that in both studies frequency of dream recall showed direct effects on dreaming of the deceased, and in the pet loss study, grief intensity and openness to experience also showed direct effects. However, in both studies, grief intensity, openness to experience, and attachment all showed indirect effects either through dream recall (in the case of grief and openness to experience) or through grief intensity and dream recall (in the case of attachment). It is also noteworthy that, in both studies, those who recalled dreams of the deceased endorsed more positive themed dreams of the deceased, which contrasts both with “ordinary” dreaming and with posttraumatic dreams.

中文翻译：

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谁梦见死者？梦境回忆、悲伤强度、依恋和体验开放的作用。

这项研究解决了为什么一些失去亲人的人会梦到死者而其他人却没有的问题。进行了两项研究。在其中一项中，参与者是 268 名美国居民（150 名男性、116 名女性、1 名其他和 1 名未公开），年龄范围为 20 至 70 岁（M = 33.8），他们在过去的 12 至24 个月。第二项研究有 162 名美国居民（88 名男性和 74 名女性），年龄在 18 至 63 岁之间（M = 32.1），他们的狗或猫在过去 6 个月内死亡。在这两项研究中，参与者都完成了在线问卷，评估了死者梦的频率、一般梦境回忆、梦境回忆的一致性、死者梦境的主题、悲伤强度、对死者的依恋以及对体验开放性的个性变量。路径分析发现，在两项研究中，梦境回忆的频率都显示出对死者梦境的直接影响，而在失去宠物的研究中，悲伤强度和对经历的开放程度也显示出直接影响。然而，在这两项研究中，悲伤强度、体验开放度和依恋都通过梦境回忆（在悲伤和体验开放的情况下）或通过悲伤强度和梦境回忆（在依恋的情况下）显示出间接影响。同样值得注意的是，在这两项研究中，回忆死者梦境的人都认可了更积极的死者主题梦，这与“普通”梦境和创伤后梦境形成鲜明对比。在这两项研究中，悲伤强度、体验开放度和依恋都通过梦境回忆（在悲伤和体验开放的情况下）或通过悲伤强度和梦境回忆（在依恋的情况下）表现出间接影响。同样值得注意的是，在这两项研究中，回忆死者梦境的人都认可了更积极的死者主题梦，这与“普通”梦境和创伤后梦境形成鲜明对比。在这两项研究中，悲伤强度、体验开放度和依恋都通过梦境回忆（在悲伤和体验开放的情况下）或通过悲伤强度和梦境回忆（在依恋的情况下）表现出间接影响。同样值得注意的是，在这两项研究中，回忆死者梦境的人都认可了更积极的死者主题梦，这与“普通”梦境和创伤后梦境形成鲜明对比。