Responding in the presence of stimuli leads to an integration of stimulus features and response features into event files, which can later be retrieved to assist action control. This integration mechanism is not limited to target stimuli, but can also include distractors (distractor-response binding). A recurring research question is which factors determine whether or not distractors are integrated. One suggested candidate factor is target-distractor congruency: Distractor-response binding effects were reported to be stronger for congruent than for incongruent target-distractor pairs. Here, we discuss a general problem with including the factor of congruency in typical analyses used to study distractor-based binding effects. Integrating this factor leads to a confound that may explain any differences between distractor-response binding effects of congruent and incongruent distractors with a simple congruency effect. Simulation data confirmed this argument. We propose to interpret previous data cautiously and discuss potential avenues to circumvent this problem in the future.

中文翻译：

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一致性对干扰-响应绑定的作用：警告

在存在刺激的情况下做出反应会导致将刺激特征和反应特征整合到事件文件中，稍后可以检索这些文件以辅助动作控制。这种整合机制不仅限于目标刺激，还可以包括干扰因素（干扰反应绑定）。一个反复出现的研究问题是哪些因素决定了干扰因素是否被整合。一个建议的候选因素是目标-干扰物的一致性：据报道，一致的干扰物-反应结合效应比不一致的目标-干扰物对更强。在这里，我们讨论了在用于研究基于干扰物的结合效应的典型分析中包括一致性因素的一般问题。整合这个因素会导致混淆，这可以解释具有简单一致性效应的一致和不一致干扰物的干扰物反应结合效应之间的任何差异。仿真数据证实了这一论点。我们建议谨慎解释以前的数据，并讨论未来规避这个问题的潜在途径。