Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease are very harmful brain lesions. Due to the difficulty in obtaining therapeutic drugs, the best treatment for neurodegenerative diseases is often not available. In addition, the bloodbrain barrier can effectively prevent the transfer of cells, particles and macromolecules (such as drugs) in the brain, resulting in the failure of the traditional drug delivery system to provide adequate cellular structure repair and connection modes, which are crucial for the functional recovery of neurodegenerative diseases. Nanomaterials are designed to carry drugs across the blood-brain barrier for targets. Nanotechnology uses engineering materials or equipment to interact with biological systems at the molecular level to induce physiological responses through stimulation, response and target site interactions, while minimizing the side effects, thus revolutionizing the treatment and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Some magnetic nanomaterials play a role as imaging agents or nanoprobes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging to assist in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Although the current research on nanomaterials is not as useful as expected in clinical applications, it achieves a major breakthrough and guides the future development direction of nanotechnology in the application of neurodegenerative diseases. This review briefly discusses the application and advantages of nanomaterials in neurodegenerative diseases. Data for this review were identified by searches of PubMed, and references from relevant articles published in English between 2015 and 2019 using the search terms “nanomaterials”, “neurodegenerative diseases” and “blood-brain barrier”.

神经退行性疾病，包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和亨廷顿病，都是非常有害的脑部病变。由于难以获得治疗药物，神经退行性疾病的最佳治疗方法往往无法获得。此外，血脑屏障可以有效阻止细胞、颗粒和大分子（如药物）在大脑中的转移，导致传统的给药系统无法提供足够的细胞结构修复和连接模式，这对于神经退行性疾病的功能恢复。纳米材料旨在携带药物穿过血脑屏障寻找目标。纳米技术利用工程材料或设备在分子水平上与生物系统相互作用，通过刺激、反应和靶点相互作用诱发生理反应，同时最大限度地减少副作用，从而彻底改变神经退行性疾病的治疗和诊断。一些磁性纳米材料在磁共振成像中起到显像剂或纳米探针的作用，以帮助诊断神经退行性疾病。虽然目前对纳米材料的研究在临床应用中并没有预期的那么有用，但它取得了重大突破，并指导了纳米技术在神经退行性疾病应用中的未来发展方向。本综述简要讨论了纳米材料在神经退行性疾病中的应用和优势。