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EXPRESS: Inter-Laboratory Application of Raman CO2 Densimeter Equations: Experimental Procedure and Statistical Analysis Using Bootstrapped Confidence Intervals
Applied Spectroscopy ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-04 , DOI: 10.1177/0003702820987601
Samantha Remigi 1 , Tullio Mancini 2 , Simona Ferrando 3 , Maria Luce Frezzotti 1
Affiliation  

Raman spectroscopy has been used extensively to calculate CO2 fluid density in many geological environments, based on the measurement of the Fermi diad split (Î; cm-1) in the CO2 spectrum. While recent research has allowed the calibration of several Raman CO2 densimeters, there is a limit to the inter-laboratory application of published equations. These calculate two classes of density values for the same measured Î, with a deviation of 0.09 ± 0.02 g/cm3 on average. To elucidate the influence of experimental parameters on the calibration of Raman CO2 densimeters, we propose a bottom-up approach beginning with the calibration of a new equation, to evaluate a possible instrument-dependent variability induced by experimental conditions. Then, we develop bootstrapped confidence intervals for density estimate of existing equations to move the statistical analysis from a sample-specific to a population level. We find that Raman densimeter equations calibrated based on spectra acquired with similar spectral resolution calculate CO2 density values lying within standard errors of equations and are suitable for the inter-laboratory application. The statistical analysis confirms that equations calibrated at similar spectral resolution calculate CO2 densities equivalent at 95% confidence, and that each Raman densimeter does have a limit of applicability, statistically defined by a minimum Î value, below which the error in calculated CO2 densities is too high.

中文翻译:

EXPRESS:拉曼 CO 2密度计方程的实验室间应用:使用自举置信区间的实验程序和统计分析

拉曼光谱已被广泛用于计算许多地质环境中的 CO2 流体密度,基于对 CO2 光谱中费米双子分裂 (ε cm-1) 的测量。虽然最近的研究允许校准几个拉曼 CO2 密度计,但已发表方程的实验室间应用存在限制。这些计算出相同测量值的两类密度值,平均偏差为 0.09 ± 0.02 g/cm3。为了阐明实验参数对拉曼 CO2 密度计校准的影响,我们提出了一种自下而上的方法,从校准新方程开始,以评估由实验条件引起的可能依赖于仪器的变异性。然后,我们为现有方程的密度估计开发了自举置信区间,以将统计分析从特定于样本的水平转移到总体水平。我们发现,基于以类似光谱分辨率获得的光谱校准的拉曼密度计方程计算的 CO2 密度值位于方程的标准误差范围内,适用于实验室间应用。统计分析证实,在类似光谱分辨率下校准的方程计算的 CO2 密度等效为 95%,并且每个拉曼密度计确实有一个适用性限制,由最小 Î 值统计定义,低于该值计算的 CO2 密度的误差太大高的。我们发现,基于以类似光谱分辨率获得的光谱校准的拉曼密度计方程计算的 CO2 密度值位于方程的标准误差范围内,适用于实验室间应用。统计分析证实,在类似光谱分辨率下校准的方程计算的 CO2 密度等效为 95%,并且每个拉曼密度计确实有一个适用性限制,由最小 Î 值统计定义,低于该值计算的 CO2 密度的误差太大高的。我们发现,基于以类似光谱分辨率获得的光谱校准的拉曼密度计方程计算的 CO2 密度值位于方程的标准误差范围内,适用于实验室间应用。统计分析证实,在类似光谱分辨率下校准的方程计算的 CO2 密度等效为 95%,并且每个拉曼密度计确实有一个适用性限制,由最小 Î 值统计定义,低于该值计算的 CO2 密度的误差太大高的。
更新日期:2021-02-04
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