Cross-organization emergency resource allocation optimization problem is essential to guarantee a successful emergency disposal, and it has become a research focus of modern emergency management. Generally speaking, there are two possible types of resource allocation scenarios: (1) if the emergency resources are overallocated, on the one hand, parallel execution of independent emergency activities can be supported and the emergency disposal time is reduced; on the other hand, too many idle resources may cause low resource utilization rate, high scheduling overhead, and high cost; and (2) if emergency resources are underallocated, this may lead to resource conflicts and the need for some emergency activities to wait for others to complete, and finally the emergency disposal time may increase. Therefore, reasonable emergency resource allocation strategies are highly desired. To the best of our knowledge, there is no formal approach to support the cross-organization emergency resource allocation issue. To handle this problem, we propose a two-layered framework to facilitate the allocation of limited emergency resources to meet its time constraints with high efficiency. More specifically, a kind of Petri net extended with time, resource, and message information, denoted as CE-net, is presented to model cross-organization emergency response processes. Based on the obtained CE-net, the minimum resource requirements are obtained with corresponding algorithms. Then, Minimum Execution Time (MET) strategy and Minimum Resource Consumption (MRC) strategy with their corresponding estimated execution intervals are introduced to facilitate the stakeholder to determine which strategy is suitable according to the timing requirements. A cross-organization fire emergency case is applied to validate the proposed approaches throughout the whole paper.

中文翻译：

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支持跨组织应急资源分配优化的两种有效策略

跨组织应急资源分配优化问题对于保证应急处置的成功至关重要，已成为现代应急管理研究的重点。一般而言，有两种可能的资源分配方案：（1）如果紧急资源被过度分配，一方面，可以支持并行执行独立的紧急活动，并减少了紧急处置时间；另一方面，过多的空闲资源可能导致资源利用率低，调度开销高，成本高。（2）如果紧急资源分配不足，可能会导致资源冲突，并且需要一些紧急活动等待其他活动完成，最终可能会增加紧急处置时间。因此，迫切需要合理的应急资源分配策略。据我们所知，没有正式的方法来支持跨组织紧急资源分配问题。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一个两层框架来促进有限紧急资源的分配，以高效地满足其时间限制。更具体地说，提出了一种用时间，资源和消息信息扩展的Petri网，称为CE-net，以对跨组织的紧急响应过程进行建模。基于获得的CE-net，使用相应的算法获得最小的资源需求。然后，引入了最小执行时间（MET）策略和最小资源消耗（MRC）策略及其相应的估计执行间隔，以方便涉众根据时序要求确定哪种策略合适。本文以跨组织火灾紧急情况为例，对所提出的方法进行了验证。