In recent years, the relationship between intestinal microbiota (IM) and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has attracted much attention. The beneficial effects of IM on the metabolic phenotype of the host are often considered to be mediated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly acetate, butyrate, and propionate, the small-molecule metabolites derived from microbial fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates. SCFAs not only have an essential role in intestinal health but might also enter the systemic circulation as signaling molecules affecting the host’s metabolism. In this review, we summarize the effects of SCFAs on glucose homeostasis and energy homeostasis and the mechanism through which SCFAs regulate the function of metabolically active organs (brain, liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and pancreas) and discuss the potential role of modulation of SCFAs as a therapeutic method for T2DM.

中文翻译：

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调节短链脂肪酸作为2型糖尿病的潜在治疗方法

近年来，肠道菌群（IM）与2型糖尿病（T2DM）发病机理之间的关系引起了广泛关注。IM对宿主代谢表型的有益作用通常被认为是由短链脂肪酸（SCFA）介导的，短链脂肪酸主要是乙酸，丁酸酯和丙酸酯，它们是由难消化性碳水化合物的微生物发酵产生的小分子代谢产物。SCFAs不仅在肠道健康中起着至关重要的作用，而且还可能作为影响宿主新陈代谢的信号分子进入全身循环。在这篇综述中，我们总结了SCFA对葡萄糖稳态和能量稳态的影响，以及SCFA调节代谢活性器官（大脑，肝脏，脂肪组织，骨骼肌，