Abstract. We propose that ionospheric plasma injections to the magnetosphere (ionospheric injection) represent a new plasma process in the polar ionosphere. The ionospheric injection is first triggered by westward electric fields transmitted from the convection surge in the magnetosphere in association with dipolarization onset. Localized westward electric fields result in local accumulation of ionospheric electrons because of differing electron and ion mobility in the E-layer. This charge imbalance was quickly reduced by polarization electric fields generated in the ionosphere. Meanwhile, ion/electron populations are partially released as injections to the magnetosphere to sustain initial potential distributions in quasi-neutral equilibrium. Resultant geomagnetic field lines are not in equipotential equilibrium during ionospheric injections but instead develop field-aligned potentials to extract ions/electrons ejected from the ionosphere. Field-aligned potential can exist in the magnetic mirror geometry of auroral field lines if the magnetospheric plasma follows quasi-neutral equilibrium. The parallel potential distribution may be global in scale varying monotonically along the field lines between the ionosphere and the equator. Amplified equatorial projection of ionospheric potentials then develop substorm dipolarization processes in a positive feedback loop. Cold plasmas from the ionosphere are distributed along the dynamical trajectories in the magnetosphere and conserve the total energy (including electrostatic potentials) and first adiabatic invariant. They distribute along a dynamical trajectory either leaving only the energetic part of ionospheric plasmas or not changing velocity space distributions from the ionospheric source.

中文翻译：

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电离层控制空间天气

摘要。我们建议将电离层等离子体注入磁层（电离层注入）代表极性电离层中的新等离子体过程。电离层注入首先是由磁层对流浪涌向西传输的电场与偶极极化相联系而触发的。由于E层中电子和离子的迁移率不同，局部向西的电场会导致电离层电子的局部积累。电离层中产生的极化电场可迅速减少这种电荷不平衡。同时，离子/电子种群作为注入磁层的一部分被释放，以维持准中性平衡中的初始电势分布。在电离层注入过程中，产生的地磁场线不是等电位平衡的，而是会产生场对准的电势，以提取从电离层喷射的离子/电子。如果磁层等离子体遵循准中性平衡，则极光场线的磁镜几何结构中可能存在场对准电势。平行电势分布可以是整体的，沿着电离层和赤道之间的磁力线单调变化。然后，电离层电势的赤道放大投影会在正反馈回路中发展亚风暴双极化过程。来自电离层的冷等离子体沿磁层中的动力学轨迹分布，并保留了总能量（包括静电势）和第一绝热不变性。