ABSTRACT

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based survey techniques have been applied to correct and update topographic maps for earthworks. It is essential to rectify the location values by arranging ground control points (GCPs) appropriately to improve the accuracy of UAV-based 3D topographic maps of earthwork sites. Despite the importance of the GCP arrangement, there is no effective standard for the appropriate placement of GCPs. The objective of this study was to propose an optimal arrangement of GCPs for an earthwork site using UAVs. The results showed that the error was minimized (d_xyz value = 0.051 m) when there were six GCPs with a mean interval of 189.0 m at the target site (410 × 310 m). When an inside GCP was added, the d_xyz value could be decreased to 0.043 m. Additionally, based on the results, this study proposed the establishment of GCP standards for realizing UAV-based precision digital maps of earthwork sites. When the GCP standards proposed in this study are used in the field, it will be possible to reduce the reliance on the capabilities of the surveyor. It will also be possible to secure the accuracy of digital maps above a certain level and even improve the measurement productivity.

摘要

最近，基于无人机 (UAV) 的测量技术已被应用于校正和更新土方工程的地形图。必须通过适当安排地面控制点 (GCP) 来纠正位置值，以提高基于无人机的土方工程场地 3D 地形图的准确性。尽管 GCP 安排很重要，但 GCP 的适当放置没有有效的标准。本研究的目的是为使用无人机的土方工地提出 GCP 的最佳布置。结果表明，当目标站点（410 × 310 m）处平均间隔为 189.0 m 的 6 个 GCP 时，误差最小（d _xyz值 = 0.051 m）。添加内部 GCP 时，d _xyz值可以减少到 0.043 m。此外，基于研究结果，本研究提出建立GCP标准，以实现基于无人机的土石方精确数字地图。当本研究中提出的 GCP 标准在现场使用时，将有可能减少对验船师能力的依赖。还可以确保数字地图的精度高于一定水平，甚至提高测量效率。