ABSTRACT

Urban daylight significantly affects the physical and mental health of urban residents. Many previous studies focused on how outdoor daylight conditions affect indoor daylighting of buildings, whereas the design of outdoor daylighting conditions, which also exerted an equally significant part, was relatively overlooked. There are also few studies empirically explored the outdoor daylight in various forms of mature urban neighbourhoods. Through investigating the outdoor pedestrian daylight performances of 11 representative open urban neighbourhood units in inner-city Shenzhen, this study aims to identify the influence of urban design factors. Through field investigation, mapping and on-site measurement, this study explored and analysed the horizontal illuminance level and site illuminance uniformity of 84 outdoor spaces. As the results revealed, urban morphological characteristics significantly affected the daytime pedestrian illumination. Specifically, the high-density mid-rise urban villages and the urban park demonstrated the best daytime outdoor visual comfort conditions. The multivariate regression test demonstrated that sky view factor exerted the greatest influence on the daytime outdoor illumination, followed by the mean building height, ground surface albedo and vertical uniformity. Hence, urban morphological patterns have great potential in optimizing urban design for outdoor daylighting behaviours and energy use, which is of great reference value in setting specific standards to achieve the goals of the initiatives of “Healthy Cities.”

摘要

城市日光显着影响城市居民的身心健康。之前的许多研究都集中在室外日光条件如何影响建筑物的室内采光方面，而同样重要的室外采光条件的设计却相对被忽视了。也很少有研究经验性地探索各种形式的成熟城市社区的户外日光。本研究通过调查深圳市中心 11 个具有代表性的开放式城市社区单元的户外行人日光表现，旨在确定城市设计因素的影响。本研究通过实地调查、测绘和现场测量，探索分析了84个室外空间的水平照度水平和场地照度均匀度。结果显示，城市形态特征显着影响白天行人照度。具体而言，高密度中层城中村和城市公园表现出最佳的白天户外视觉舒适度。多元回归检验表明，天景因素对白天室外照度的影响最大，其次是平均建筑高度、地表反照率和垂直均匀度。因此，城市形态模式在优化城市设计的户外采光行为和能源使用方面具有很大的潜力，对于制定具体标准以实现“健康城市”倡议的目标具有重要的参考价值。高密度的中层城中村和城市公园展现了最佳的白天户外视觉舒适度。多元回归检验表明，天景因素对白天室外照度的影响最大，其次是平均建筑高度、地表反照率和垂直均匀度。因此，城市形态模式在优化城市设计的户外采光行为和能源使用方面具有很大的潜力，对于制定具体标准以实现“健康城市”倡议的目标具有重要的参考价值。高密度的中层城中村和城市公园展现了最佳的白天户外视觉舒适度。多元回归检验表明，天景因素对白天室外照度的影响最大，其次是平均建筑高度、地表反照率和垂直均匀度。因此，城市形态模式在优化城市设计的户外采光行为和能源使用方面具有很大的潜力，对于制定具体标准以实现“健康城市”倡议的目标具有重要的参考价值。其次是平均建筑高度、地表反照率和垂直均匀度。因此，城市形态模式在优化城市设计的户外采光行为和能源使用方面具有很大的潜力，对于制定具体标准以实现“健康城市”倡议的目标具有重要的参考价值。其次是平均建筑高度、地表反照率和垂直均匀度。因此，城市形态模式在优化城市设计的户外采光行为和能源使用方面具有很大的潜力，对于制定具体标准以实现“健康城市”倡议的目标具有重要的参考价值。