ABSTRACT

Zinc deficient soils cause low crop production leading to malnutrition in humans and livestock. Two years field experiments were conducted on cowpea crop with six ZnSO₄·H₂O (33%) treatments viz. no Zn, soil application of 16 kg ZnSO₄·H₂O ha⁻¹ (S_Zn), one foliar spray of 0.3% ZnSO₄·H₂O at early bloom (EB) stage (F_1Zn), two foliar sprays of 0.3% ZnSO₄·H₂O at EB and full bloom (FB) stages (F_2Zn) and combination of soil application + foliar sprays of ZnSO₄.H₂O (S_Zn+F_1Zn and S_Zn+F_2Zn) were tested. The results showed that soil application of 16 kg ha⁻¹ of ZnSO₄·H₂O followed by two foliar sprays of 0.3% ZnSO₄·H₂O at EB (R1) and FB (R2) stages recorded maximum increase in grain yield (43.7%) and grain Zn content (22.7%) over control. However, in straw, a three-fold increase in Zn content was recorded. Foliar applications of 0.3% ZnSO₄·H₂O at EB and EB+FB stages recorded a significant increase in grain (8.2% and 11.4%) and straw Zn content (63.0% and 104.0%) over control. In conclusion, combination of soil (S_Zn) + foliar (F_2Zn) Zn application method was most remunerative with maximum production and monetary efficiencies (15 kg ha⁻¹ day⁻¹ and $7.5 ha⁻¹ day⁻¹) and is an effective approach for grain and straw Zn biofortification in cowpea.

摘要

缺锌的土壤会导致农作物减产，从而导致人类和牲畜营养不良。对豇豆作物进行了为期两年的田间试验，采用 6 次 ZnSO ₄ ·H ₂ O (33%) 处理，即. 无锌，土壤施用 16 kg ZnSO ₄ ·H ₂ O ha ^-1 (S _Zn )，叶面喷 1 次 0.3% ZnSO ₄ ·H ₂ O 早花 (EB) 期 (F _1Zn )，叶面喷 2次0.3% ZnSO ₄ ·H ₂ O 在 EB 和盛花 (FB) 阶段 (F _2Zn ) 以及土壤施用 + 叶面喷施 ZnSO ₄ .H _2的组合测试了O（S _Zn +F _1Zn和S _Zn +F _2Zn）。结果表明，在EB（R1）和FB（R2）阶段，施16 kg ha ^-1 ZnSO ₄ ·H ₂ O，然后叶面喷施2次0.3% ZnSO ₄ ·H ₂ O，粮食产量增幅最大。 （43.7%）和晶粒锌含量（22.7%）超过对照。然而，在秸秆中，锌含量增加了三倍。在EB和EB+FB阶段叶面喷施0.3% ZnSO ₄ ·H ₂ O，籽粒（8.2%和11.4%）和秸秆锌含量（63.0%和104.0%）显着高于对照。总之，土壤组合（S_Zn ) + 叶面 (F _2Zn ) Zn 施用方法是最有回报的，具有最大的产量和货币效率（15 kg ha ^-1 day ^-1和 $7.5 ha ^-1 day ^-1），是粮食和秸秆锌生物强化的有效方法豇豆。