Knowledge modeling is an important step in building knowledge‐based applications. Understanding the processes of knowledge modeling and the techniques involved can help developers to grasp the knowledge modeling task as a whole and improve the efficiency of execution and management of modeling tasks. However, previous reviews on knowledge modeling mainly focus on ontology‐based knowledge modeling. At present, there is no research work to summarize nonontology knowledge modeling methods, nor to systematically summarize the processes and techniques of knowledge modeling. In this paper, the processes, techniques, and characteristics of knowledge modeling methods based on ontology and nonontology are surveyed. Three research questions related to knowledge modeling are proposed. (1) What methods can be used for knowledge modeling? (2) What processes are involved in knowledge modeling? (3) What techniques are used in the processes of knowledge modeling? By answering these questions, the results of the survey help developers choose appropriate knowledge modeling methods in their work and complete modeling tasks effectively. Meanwhile, it is also conducive to the research work of improving knowledge modeling methods in the future.

中文翻译：

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知识建模：过程和技术调查

知识建模是构建基于知识的应用程序的重要步骤。了解知识建模的过程和所涉及的技术可以帮助开发人员从整体上把握知识建模任务，并提高建模任务的执行和管理效率。但是，以前对知识建模的评论主要集中在基于本体的知识建模上。目前，还没有研究工作来总结非本体论知识建模方法，也没有系统地总结知识建模的过程和技术。本文研究了基于本体和非本体的知识建模方法的过程，技术和特点。提出了与知识建模有关的三个研究问题。（1）可以使用什么方法进行知识建模？（2）知识建模涉及哪些过程？（3）知识建模过程中使用了哪些技术？通过回答这些问题，调查结果可帮助开发人员在工作中选择适当的知识建模方法，并有效地完成建模任务。同时，也有利于将来改进知识建模方法的研究工作。