Due to climate warming, alpine ecosystems are changing rapidly. Ongoing upward migrations of plants and thus an increase of easily decomposable substrates will strongly affect the soil microbiome. To understand how belowground communities will respond to such changes, we set up an incubation experiment with permafrost and active soil layers from northern (NW) and southern (SE) slopes of a mountain ridge on Muot da Barba Peider in the Swiss Alps and incubated them with or without artificial root exudates (AREs) at two temperatures, 4°C or 15°C. The addition of AREs resulted in elevated respiration across all soil types. Bacterial and fungal alpha diversity decreased significantly, coinciding with strong shifts in microbial community structure in ARE‐treated soils. These shifts in bacterial community structure were driven by an increased abundance of fast‐growing copiotrophic taxa. Fungal communities were predominantly affected by AREs in SE active layer soils and shifted towards fast‐growing opportunistic yeast. In contrast, in the colder NW facing active layer and permafrost soils fungal communities were more influenced by temperature changes. These findings demonstrate the sensitivity of soil microbial communities in high alpine ecosystems to climate change and how shifts in these communities may lead to functional changes impacting biogeochemical processes.

中文翻译：

---

根系分泌物增加土壤呼吸并改变高山永久冻土和活动层土壤中的微生物群落结构

由于气候变暖，高山生态系统正在迅速变化。植物的持续向上迁移以及易分解底物的增加将强烈影响土壤微生物组。为了了解地下社区将如何应对这些变化，我们在瑞士阿尔卑斯山的 Muot da Barba Peider 山脊的北部 (NW) 和南部 (SE) 斜坡上设置了永久冻土层和活动土壤层的孵化实验，并对其进行了孵化在两个温度（4°C 或 15°C）下有或没有人工根系分泌物 (ARE)。添加 ARE 导致所有土壤类型的呼吸作用增强。细菌和真菌 alpha 多样性显着下降，与 ARE 处理土壤中微生物群落结构的强烈变化相吻合。细菌群落结构的这些变化是由快速生长的营养类群的丰度增加驱动的。真菌群落主要受 SE 活性层土壤中 ARE 的影响，并转向快速生长的机会性酵母。相比之下，在面向活动层和永久冻土层的较冷西北地区，真菌群落更受温度变化的影响。这些发现证明了高山生态系统中土壤微生物群落对气候变化的敏感性，以及这些群落的变化如何导致影响生物地球化学过程的功能变化。在面向活动层和永久冻土层的较冷西北地区，真菌群落受温度变化的影响更大。这些发现证明了高山生态系统中土壤微生物群落对气候变化的敏感性，以及这些群落的变化如何导致影响生物地球化学过程的功能变化。在面向活动层和永久冻土层的较冷西北地区，真菌群落受温度变化的影响更大。这些发现证明了高山生态系统中土壤微生物群落对气候变化的敏感性，以及这些群落的变化如何导致影响生物地球化学过程的功能变化。