Integrating heat exchanger pipes with structural foundations in one system has created a new renewable solution for buildings’ thermal loads. However, the interaction between thermal and geotechnical loads makes their design more complex and challenging. This review-study represents the current state of knowledge about the thermal and thermo-mechanical behaviors of energy piles. It also investigates the key parameters that affect their design concerning the piles’ dimensions, the arrangement of pipes, concrete admixture, and fluid characteristics. It is found that the thermal efficiency improves significantly by increasing the number of pipes inside the piles and by adding thermally conductive materials to the concrete within acceptable limits. Besides, this paper reviews most of the studies conducted on optimizing vertical ground heat exchangers coupled with heat pumps. Objective functions, decision variables, design constraints, and optimization methods are specified and listed. It is concluded that a multi-objective optimization is highly recommended to enhance the dual performance of an energy pile system coupled with a heat pump using the 4E evaluation criteria (energy, exergy, economy, and environment) while ensuring the safety of the foundation under thermal cyclic loads.

将热交换器管道与结构基础集成到一个系统中，为建筑物的热负荷创造了一种新的可再生解决方案。但是，热荷载和岩土荷载之间的相互作用使它们的设计更加复杂和具有挑战性。这项回顾研究代表了有关能量堆的热力学行为和热力学行为的当前知识状态。它还研究了影响桩设计的关键参数，这些参数涉及桩的尺寸，管道的布置，混凝土外加剂和流体特性。发现通过增加桩内管道的数量以及在可接受的范围内向混凝土中添加导热材料，可以显着提高热效率。除了，本文回顾了有关优化与热泵耦合的垂直地面热交换器的大多数研究。目标函数，决策变量，设计约束和优化方法已指定并列出。结论是，强烈建议进行多目标优化，以使用4E评估标准（能源，火用，经济和环境）增强能量堆系统与热泵的双重性能，同时确保基础下的安全性。热循环载荷。