One of the main debates surrounding payments for ecosystem services (PES) is to what extent should PES design focus on social equity concerns. While much of the debate is centered around theoretical arguments, here we focus empirically on the question of whether there are trade-offs between social-environmental effectiveness and social equity in PES design and implementation. Towards this end, we use a survey targeted at 61 PES practitioners in 12 Latin American countries, where equity is treated in a multidimensional way, not only including distributional concerns but also elements of recognition and procedure, reflected across a set of 15 indicators. Results suggest that PES which practitioners describe as being more equitable are also perceived to be more successful in jointly achieving the social-environmental goals of the PES program they are involved with. This suggests that from a practitioner perspective a concern for social equity may be advocated for not only from a normative stance (“because it is the right thing to do”), but also for instrumental reasons (“because it may contribute to PES success”).

关于生态系统服务付款（PES）的主要争论之一是，PES设计应在多大程度上关注社会公平问题。尽管大多数辩论都围绕理论论证，但在这里我们以经验为重点关注在PES设计和实施中，社会环境有效性与社会公平之间是否需要权衡取舍的问题。为此，我们针对12个拉丁美洲国家/地区的61名PES从业人员进行了一项调查，在这些国家中，公平原则得到了多方面的对待，不仅包括分配问题，而且还包括认可和程序要素，涵盖了15项指标。结果表明，从业者描述为更公平的PES也被认为在共同实现他们所参与的PES计划的社会环境目标方面更加成功。这表明，从从业者的角度出发，不仅可以从规范立场（“因为这是正确的做法”）而且出于工具性的原因（“因为它可能有助于PES成功”）来提倡关注社会公平。 ）。