Climatic features in the Alaskan Arctic have typically been analyzed using data from the limited National Weather Service stations. However, the increasing availability of in situ data in this area allows a more comprehensive understanding of recent changes. This study used newly collected data from 41 stations to investigate climatic features and recent changes in the Alaskan Arctic from the mid-1940s to 2018. We found that the mean annual air temperature (MAAT) ranged from –11.0 to –6.4 ^∘C, annual amplitude of air temperature (AAAT) ranged from 16 to 22 ^∘C, annual precipitation ranged from 85 to 300 mm, and annual mean snow depth ranged from 13.5 to 34.5 cm during 2007–2012. Compared with data since the late 1980s, MAAT increased by \(\sim \)2 ^∘C near the coastline whereas AAAT did not significantly change. Changes in annual precipitation were complex among stations but showed a considerable increase in precipitation, snowfall, and snow depth during the cold months. The number of snow cover days declined, whereas the number of snowfall days increased at both Barrow and Kuparuk. This increase in snowfall events may be attributed to the declining sea ice concentration, which may enhance hydrological cycles. The observed bulk density of fresh snow was around 40–80 kg/m³ and declined from the mid-1980s to the late-1990s, then increased until the end of the study period. This expanded in situ dataset provides a more comprehensive understanding of climatic conditions in the Alaskan Arctic and confirms rapid changes during recent decades. This study may also serve to validate and benchmark high-resolution climate models.

通常使用有限的国家气象服务站的数据来分析阿拉斯加北极地区的气候特征。但是，该领域中现场数据的可用性不断提高，可以更全面地了解最新变化。这项研究使用了从41个站点新收集的数据来调查1940年代中期至2018年阿拉斯加北极地区的气候特征和近期变化。我们发现，年平均气温（MAAT）范围为–11.0至^–6.4∘C，每年空气温度（AAAT）的振幅范围为16至22 ^∘ C，年降水量介于85至300毫米，年平均积雪期间2007-2012从13.5到不等34.5厘米。与1980年代后期以来的数据相比，MAAT增加了\（\ sim \） 2^∘ ç靠近海岸线而AAAT没有显著改变。各站之间的年降水量变化很复杂，但在寒冷的月份，降水量，降雪量和降雪深度都显着增加。巴罗和库帕鲁克的降雪天数减少，而降雪天数增加。降雪事件的增加可能归因于海冰浓度的下降，这可能会增强水文循环。观测到的新鲜雪的堆密度约为40–80 kg / m ³从1980年代中期到1990年代后期下降，然后一直上升到研究期结束。这个扩展的原位数据集提供了对阿拉斯加北极地区气候条件的更全面了解，并证实了近几十年来的快速变化。这项研究还可以用于验证和基准化高分辨率气候模型。