Bitter rot (BR) and glomerella leaf spot (GLS) occur in all the Brazilian South orchards with different species frequency per region. The main species found in Brazil belong to the Colletotrichum acutatum complex (Cac) and to the C. gloeosporioides complex (Cgc). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the favorable conditions for the germination and growth of five Colletotrichum species and, to compare pathogenicity and aggressiveness among species and between two apple cultivars in fruit, causing BR, and in leaves, causing GLS. The highest germination of conidia (above 90%) was achieved between 15 and 30 °C for Cgc species while for Cac species the highest germination (mean of 71%) was at 25 °C. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth did not differ between complexes and ranged from 23 to 27 °C. Althought, Cgc had a higher estimated maximum temperature then Cac. C. siamense cause BR symptoms regardless of cultivar or type of inoculation. C. nymphaeae and C. melonis caused symptoms in wounded and unwounded fruit but for C. paranaense and C. fructicola the symptoms were observed only in wounded fruit. Leaf symptoms of GLS was more severe in stressed leaves inoculated on the abaxial side compared to non-stressed leaves inoculated on the adaxial side. C. fructicola and C. nymphaeae were able to cause GLS symptoms in leaves with severity varying from 17.5 to 25% (cv. Gala). C. fructicola was the most severe causing GLS symptoms in cv. Gala (severity around 20.5%) and, in cv. Eva (severity around 11%). We discuss the roles that each species plays as a pathogen to better understand BR and GLS in different orchards conditions.

苦腐（BR）和小球藻叶斑病（GLS）发生在巴西所有南果园中，每个区域的物种频率不同。在巴西发现属于主要种类炭疽病acutatum络合物（CAC）和所述炭疽菌络合物（CGC）。这项研究的目的是评估五个炭疽菌的发芽和生长的有利条件并比较物种之间和两个苹果品种之间的致病性和侵略性，其结果是造成果实的BR和叶片中的产生GLS。Cgc物种的分生孢子最高发芽率（超过90％）在15至30°C之间，而Cac物种的最高分生孢子发芽率（平均值为71％）在25°C。复合物之间菌丝体生长的最佳温度没有差异，范围为23至27°C。虽然，Cgc的估计最高温度比Cac高。C. siamense引起BR症状，无论品种或接种类型如何。C. nymphaeae和C.枯病引起的受伤和未受伤的水果但症状C.巴拉纳和C.腐病菌仅在受伤的水果中观察到症状。与在后侧接种的非胁迫叶片相比，在后侧接种的胁迫叶片中GLS的叶片症状更为严重。C. fructicola和C. nymphaeae能够在叶片中引起GLS症状，严重程度从17.5％到25％（cv。Gala）不等。C. fructicola是引起cv的GLS症状最严重的症状。晚宴（严重性约为20.5％），以及简历。伊娃（严重度约11％）。我们讨论了每个物种作为病原体的作用，以更好地了解不同果园条件下的BR和GLS。