Environmental pollution is a serious issue with the rapid development of urbanization, industrialization and vehicle traffic. In particular, fossil fuel pollution increases atmospheric CO₂ levels. To alleviate this problem, various carbon capture and storage technologies have been developed, yet they are actually limited by cost and energy requirements. Alternatively, adsorption appears as a promising technique for carbon capture due to its low cost, low energy requirement and applicability over a wide range of temperature and pressure. Here, we review carbonaceous materials such as activated carbon, activated carbon nanofibers, hollow carbon spheres and biochar for CO₂ capture, and we discuss factors controlling CO₂ adsorption. CO₂ adsorption primarily depends upon micropore volume and surface area which in turn are controlled by carbonization and activation temperature, activating agent and its impregnation ratio, activation time and presence of moisture. Additionally, introduction of basic functional groups such as N-containing functional groups into the adsorbent enhances the adsorption capacities. We discuss possible modifications for cost-effective and commercially viable carbon materials as CO₂ adsorbents.

随着城市化，工业化和车辆交通的迅猛发展，环境污染是一个严重的问题。特别是化石燃料污染会增加大气中的CO ₂水平。为了减轻这个问题，已经开发了各种碳捕获和存储技术，但是它们实际上受到成本和能量需求的限制。替代地，由于其低成本，低能量需求以及在宽温度和压力范围内的适用性，吸附似乎是一种有前途的碳捕获技术。在这里，我们回顾了含碳材料，例如活性炭，活性炭纳米纤维，中空碳球和用于捕获CO _2的生物炭，并讨论了控制CO ₂吸附的因素。一氧化碳₂吸附主要取决于微孔的体积和表面积，而这些又由碳化和活化温度，活化剂及其浸渍率，活化时间和水分的存在来控制。另外，将碱性官能团例如含N官能团引入吸附剂中可增强吸附能力。我们讨论了作为CO ₂吸附剂的具有成本效益和商业上可行的碳材料的可能修改方法。