Thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) plants are male sterile above a critical sterility temperature (CST) and become male fertile below CST during a critical thermosensitive stage. It is essential to analyse the gene expression pattern under fertility- and sterility-inducing conditions to understand the mechanisms of male sterility since it is regulated by a single recessive nuclear gene sensitive to environment during a specific stage of panicle development. Hence, this study aims at understanding the molecular mechanism associated with pollen sterility in TGMS system. The newly developed TGMS line on red rice background exhibited male sterility with pollen-free anthers and hence can be recommended as a stable female parent for the development of suitable red rice hybrids to the state of Kerala. Microarray gene expression analysis of TGMS leaf and young panicle revealed that occurrence of pollen-free anthers in the TGMS line during sterility-inducing condition is mainly due to the down-regulation of genes encoding ABC transporter proteins, lipid transfer protein and strictosidine synthase, glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase, male sterility protein 2, wax synthase and β-1,3-glucanase. Moreover, pathways involved in the carbohydrate synthesis and transport were also down-regulated during sterility condition. The differential expression of transport and signalling genes regulates the development of pollen-free anthers in TGMS rice.

热敏基因雄性不育（TGMS）植物在高于临界不育温度（CST）时是雄性不育的，在临界热敏阶段低于CST时变为雄性可育。必须分析在生育力和不育性诱导条件下的基因表达模式，以了解男性不育的机制，因为它是由在穗发育的特定阶段对环境敏感的单个隐性核基因调控的。因此，本研究旨在了解TGMS系统中与花粉不育有关的分子机制。红米背景上新开发的TGMS品系表现出雄性不育，无花粉的花药，因此可以推荐作为稳定的雌性亲本，用于开发适合喀拉拉邦的红米杂种。TGMS叶片和幼穗的微阵列基因表达分析表明，在不育诱导条件下TGMS系中无花药的花药的发生主要是由于编码ABC转运蛋白，脂质转移蛋白和丁糖核苷合酶，葡萄糖的基因下调-甲醇-胆碱氧化还原酶，雄性不育蛋白2，蜡合酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶。此外，在不育状态下，碳水化合物合成和运输的途径也被下调。转运和信号基因的差异表达调节TGMS水稻中无花粉的花药的发育。脂质转移蛋白和丁糖苷合成酶，葡萄糖-甲醇-胆碱氧化还原酶，雄性不育蛋白2，蜡合酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶。此外，在不育状态下，碳水化合物合成和运输的途径也被下调。转运和信号基因的差异表达调节TGMS水稻中无花粉的花药的发育。脂质转移蛋白和丁糖苷合成酶，葡萄糖-甲醇-胆碱氧化还原酶，雄性不育蛋白2，蜡合酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶。此外，在不育状态下，碳水化合物合成和运输的途径也被下调。转运和信号基因的差异表达调节TGMS水稻中无花粉的花药的发育。