The effect of heat treatment and vacuum conditions on the textural properties and electrochemical performance of commercially available activated carbons (ACs) was investigated. The AC after post-heat treatment was characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. The ACs treated under vacuum conditions exhibit a higher specific surface area and micropore surface area than those treated under nitrogen atmospheric pressure without significantly affecting the graphite structure of the AC. Under 800 °C temperature and vacuum conditions (AC-V800), the AC with the highest Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 1951.9 m² g⁻¹ (16.4% improvement relative to that of the original AC (1677.2 m² g⁻¹)) was obtained. This is attributed to the removal of oxygen-containing functional groups and volatile matters in the carbon by thermal treatment under vacuum conditions. Consequently, the electric double-layer capacitor using ACs treated under vacuum conditions (1 kPa) at 800 °C (AC-V800) shows considerably improved electrochemical performance in terms of higher specific capacitance and better cycling stability at a high working voltage (3.1 V), compared to the nitrogen-treated and commercial ACs.

研究了热处理和真空条件对市售活性炭（AC）的组织性能和电化学性能的影响。后热处理后的交流电通过氮吸附-解吸，X射线衍射，拉曼光谱，X射线光电子能谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱测量来表征。与在氮气大气压下处理的AC相比，在真空条件下处理的AC具有更高的比表面积和微孔表面积，而不会显着影响AC的石墨结构。在800°C的温度和真空条件（AC-V800）下，Brunauer-Emmett-Teller表面积最大的AC为1951.9 m ²  g ^-1（相对于原始AC（1677.2m ²  g ^-1）改善了16.4％）。这归因于通过在真空条件下的热处理除去了碳中的含氧官能团和挥发性物质。因此，使用在800°C的真空条件（1 kPa）下处理过的AC的双电层电容器（AC-V800）在较高的比电容和较高的工作电压（3.1 V）下具有更好的循环稳定性方面显示出显着改善的电化学性能），与经过氮气处理的AC和商用AC相比。