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Time-accuracy trade-off and task partitioning of hygienic behavior among honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-02940-y
Katherine R. Barrs , M. Omar Ani , Kimberlyn K. Eversman , Jonathan T. Rowell , Kaira M. Wagoner , Olav Rueppell

Abstract Behavioral specialization and cooperation are fundamental in the organization and success of social groups. Honey bee workers display hygienic behavior, defined as the detection, uncapping, and removal of unhealthy brood. We present detailed analyses of behavioral specialization and task partitioning among hygienic worker bees, focusing on uncapping of brood cells and removal of the cells’ content in freeze-killed brood assays. We demonstrate specialization of hygienic workers on either uncapping or removal and task partitioning among multiple individuals. Speed of hygiene decreases with the number of behavioral instances, suggesting a time cost for cooperation of multiple individuals. Additional analyses of an individual agent-based simulation of hygienic removal of Varroa -mite-infested brood demonstrate that erroneous removal of healthy brood can be reduced by task partitioning due to collective decision-making. Combined, our results indicate a speed-accuracy trade-off in the collective performance of hygienic behavior: Hygienic behavior may take longer when many individuals contribute and specialize on different tasks, but this organization of work also can prevent costly mistakes. This trade-off may explain the observed combination of elite workers and numerous other workers that contribute only little. Significance statement Honey bees and other social animals form successful groups that are characterized by individual specialization on different tasks. Hygienic behavior of honey bees removes unhealthy brood from the nest and is important for the health of honey bee colonies. Here, we observed that individual worker bees specialize on either of the two main tasks involved in hygienic behavior: uncapping cells or removing brood. We also found that a few individuals perform the majority of the work and that the speed of hygienic behavior is higher when one individual works continuously instead of multiple individuals. Additionally, we show in computer simulations that the number of erroneous brood removals is decreased when separate workers contribute to the different aspects of hygienic behavior. Thus, our study indicates that a speed-accuracy trade-off might drive the evolution of task partitioning in hygienic behavior.

中文翻译:

蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)工人卫生行为的时间准确性权衡和任务分配

摘要 行为专业化和合作是社会团体组织和成功的基础。蜜蜂工人表现出卫生行为,定义为检测、开盖和移除不健康的幼虫。我们对卫生工蜂的行为专业化和任务分配进行了详细分析,重点是在冷冻杀死的育雏试验中对育雏细胞的脱帽和去除细胞含量。我们展示了卫生工作者在开盖或移除以及多个人之间的任务分配方面的专业化。卫生速度随着行为实例的数量而降低,这表明多人合作需要时间成本。对 Varroa 螨感染的幼虫进行卫生清除的基于个体代理的模拟的其他分析表明,由于集体决策,可以通过任务划分来减少健康幼虫的错误清除。综合起来,我们的结果表明在卫生行为的集体表现中存在速度-准确性权衡:当许多人贡献并专注于不同的任务时,卫生行为可能需要更长时间,但这种工作组织也可以防止代价高昂的错误。这种权衡可以解释观察到的精英工人和许多其他贡献很小的工人的组合。意义声明蜜蜂和其他群居动物组成了成功的群体,其特点是在不同的任务上具有各自的专长。蜜蜂的卫生行为从巢中清除不健康的幼虫,对蜜蜂群的健康很重要。在这里,我们观察到单个工蜂专注于卫生行为所涉及的两个主要任务中的任何一个:打开细胞或去除巢穴。我们还发现,大部分工作由少数人完成,当一个人连续工作而不是多人时,卫生行为的速度更快。此外,我们在计算机模拟中表明,当不同的工人对卫生行为的不同方面做出贡献时,错误移除育雏的数量会减少。因此,我们的研究表明,速度-准确度的权衡可能会推动卫生行为中任务划分的演变。我们观察到,个体工蜂专注于卫生行为所涉及的两个主要任务中的任何一个:打开细胞或去除巢穴。我们还发现,大部分工作由少数人完成,当一个人连续工作而不是多人时,卫生行为的速度更快。此外,我们在计算机模拟中表明,当不同的工人对卫生行为的不同方面做出贡献时,错误移除育雏的数量会减少。因此,我们的研究表明,速度-准确度的权衡可能会推动卫生行为中任务划分的演变。我们观察到,个体工蜂专注于卫生行为所涉及的两个主要任务中的任何一个:打开细胞或去除巢穴。我们还发现,大部分工作由少数人完成,当一个人连续工作而不是多人时,卫生行为的速度更快。此外,我们在计算机模拟中表明,当不同的工人对卫生行为的不同方面做出贡献时,错误移除育雏的数量会减少。因此,我们的研究表明,速度-准确度的权衡可能会推动卫生行为中任务划分的演变。我们还发现,大部分工作由少数人完成,当一个人连续工作而不是多人时,卫生行为的速度更快。此外,我们在计算机模拟中表明,当不同的工人对卫生行为的不同方面做出贡献时,错误移除育雏的数量会减少。因此,我们的研究表明,速度-准确度的权衡可能会推动卫生行为中任务划分的演变。我们还发现,大部分工作由少数人完成,当一个人连续工作而不是多人时,卫生行为的速度更快。此外,我们在计算机模拟中表明,当不同的工人对卫生行为的不同方面做出贡献时,错误移除育雏的数量会减少。因此,我们的研究表明,速度-准确度的权衡可能会推动卫生行为中任务划分的演变。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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