Tenofovir-based regimens as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are highly effective at preventing HIV infection. The most common side-effect is gastrointestinal (GI) distress which may be associated with changes in the microbiome. Dysbiosis of the microbiome can have numerous health-related consequences. To understand the effect of PrEP on dysbiosis, we evaluated 27 individuals; 14 were taking PrEP for an average of 171 weeks. Sequencing of 16S rRNA was performed using self-collected rectal swabs. Mixed beta diversity testing demonstrated significant differences between PrEP and non-PrEP users with Bray–Curtis and unweighted UniFrac analyses (p = 0.05 and 0.049, respectively). At the genus level, there was a significant reduction in Finegoldia, along with a significant increase in Catenibacterium and Prevotella in PrEP users. Prevotella has been associated with inflammatory pathways, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease, while Catenibacterium has been associated with morbid obesity and metabolic syndrome. Overall, these results suggest that PrEP may be associated with some degree of microbiome dysbiosis, which may contribute to GI symptoms. Long-term impact of these changes is unknown.

基于替诺福韦的方案作为暴露前预防 (PrEP) 在预防 HIV 感染方面非常有效。最常见的副作用是胃肠道 (GI) 不适，这可能与微生物组的变化有关。微生物群失调会产生许多与健康相关的后果。为了了解 PrEP 对生态失调的影响，我们评估了 27 个人；14 人平均服用 PrEP 171 周。使用自收集的直肠拭子进行 16S rRNA 的测序。混合 beta 多样性测试表明，使用 Bray–Curtis 和未加权的 UniFrac 分析，PrEP 和非 PrEP 用户之间存在显着差异（分别为 p = 0.05 和 0.049）。在属水平上，Finegoldia显着减少，同时链状杆菌显着增加和PrEP 用户中的Prevotella。普氏菌与炎症通路、胰岛素抵抗和心血管疾病有关，而链状杆菌与病态肥胖和代谢综合征有关。总的来说，这些结果表明 PrEP 可能与某种程度的微生物群失调有关，这可能会导致胃肠道症状。这些变化的长期影响是未知的。