Background: Clinical investigations have argued for long-term neurological manifestations in both hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. It is unclear whether long-term neurological symptoms and features depend on COVID-19 severity. Methods: from a sample of 208 consecutive non-neurological patients hospitalized for COVID-19 disease, 165 survivors were re-assessed at 6 months according to a structured standardized clinical protocol. Prevalence and predictors of long-term neurological manifestations were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results At 6-month follow-up after hospitalisation due to COVID-19 disease, patients displayed a wide array of symptoms; fatigue (34%), memory/attention (31%), and sleep disorders (30%) were the most frequent. At neurological examination, 40% of patients exhibited neurological abnormalities, such as hyposmia (18.0%), cognitive deficits (17.5%), postural tremor (13.8%) and subtle motor/sensory deficits (7.6%). Older age, premorbid comorbidities and severity of COVID-19 were independent predictors of neurological manifestations in logistic regression analyses. Conclusions: premorbid vulnerability and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection impact on prevalence and severity of long-term neurological manifestations.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19的长期神经系统表现：患病率和预测因素

背景：临床研究认为，住院和非住院的COVID-19患者均具有长期的神经系统表现。目前尚不清楚长期的神经系统症状和特征是否取决于COVID-19严重程度。方法：根据结构化标准化临床方案，在6个月时对208例因COVID-19疾病住院的连续非神经病患者的样本中的165名幸存者进行了重新评估。使用多元逻辑回归分析评估长期神经系统表现的患病率和预测因素。结果因COVID-19疾病住院后6个月的随访中，患者表现出多种症状; 疲劳（34％），记忆力/注意力（​​31％）和睡眠障碍（30％）是最常见的。在神经系统检查时 40％的患者表现出神经功能异常，例如低渗（18.0％），认知缺陷（17.5％），姿势性震颤（13.8％）和微妙的运动/感觉缺陷（7.6％）。在logistic回归分析中，老年人，病前合并症和COVID-19的严重程度是神经系统表现的独立预测因子。结论：SARS-CoV-2感染的病前脆弱性和严重性对长期神经系统表现的发生率和严重性有影响。