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Converting croplands to orchards changes soil microbial community composition and co‐occurrence patterns
Land Degradation & Development ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-02 , DOI: 10.1002/ldr.3875 Rui Wang 1, 2 , Ying Wang 1, 2 , Wei Zheng 3 , Fangbin Hou 1 , Yaxian Hu 1, 2 , Shengli Guo 1, 2
Land Degradation & Development ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-02 , DOI: 10.1002/ldr.3875 Rui Wang 1, 2 , Ying Wang 1, 2 , Wei Zheng 3 , Fangbin Hou 1 , Yaxian Hu 1, 2 , Shengli Guo 1, 2
Affiliation
Soil microorganisms are key to uncovering the mechanisms driving variation in soil biogeochemical processes associated with land‐use change. A large number of croplands have been converted to orchards on the Chinese Loess Plateau due to the increased economic benefits which result. However, the microbial community and their functional composition remain poorly understood. In this study, soil samples were collected from croplands and orchards. Soil physicochemical properties and the community (represented by 16S rRNA for bacteria and ITS for fungi) were measured, and interactions among species and the soil organic matter (SOM) degradation via microbial metabolism and its associated genes were analyzed. Croplands converted to orchards affected bacterial and fungal community structure by increasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Ascomycota, whereas it decreased the α‐diversity of bacteria and fungi. The co‐occurrence network was larger and more complex within croplands than within orchards, indicating more extensive interactions and higher community stability potential. The abundance of potential genes related to cellulose and hemicellulose metabolism in orchards was higher than that in croplands, whereas the abundance of genes related to lignin decomposition was lower than that in croplands. In addition, the abundance of saprotrophic and symbiotrophic fungi in orchards was significantly lower than that in croplands (27 and 88%, respectively), whereas the abundance of pathotrophic fungi in orchards was almost six‐times that in croplands. The soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil C:N in orchards were significantly lower than that in croplands. Converting croplands to orchards significantly altered the microbial community composition and their functionality, as well as decreased the complexity of interaction between microorganisms. The decreased SOC and increased soil C:N ratio could be attributed to these variations. Improved management practices should be implemented for the maintenance of soil biodiversity and SOC in orchards to avoid soil degradation and ensure sustainable development.
更新日期：2021-01-02
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